Clinical applications of hallucinogens: a review

Garcia-Romeu, Albert; Kersgaard, Brennan; Addy, Peter H.

doi:10.1037/pha0000084

Cited by 201Psychedelics and Drug StudiesHallucinations in medical conditionsForensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis

Clinical applications of hallucinogens: a review

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Garcia-Romeu, Albert, Kersgaard, Brennan, Addy, Peter H.·2016·Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

DOI 10.1037/pha0000084PMC PMC5001686

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Abstract

Hallucinogens fall into several different classes, as broadly defined by pharmacological mechanism of action, and chemical structure. These include psychedelics, entactogens, dissociatives, and other atypical hallucinogens. Although these classes do not share a common primary mechanism of action, they do exhibit important similarities in their ability to occasion temporary but profound alterations of consciousness, involving acute changes in somatic, perceptual, cognitive, and affective processes. Such effects likely contribute to their recreational use. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that these drugs may have therapeutic applications beyond their potential for abuse. This review will present data on several classes of hallucinogens with a particular focus on psychedelics, entactogens, and dissociatives, for which clinical utility has been most extensively documented. Information on each class is presented in turn, tracing relevant historical insights, highlighting similarities and differences between the classes from the molecular to the behavioral level, and presenting the most up-to-date information on clinically oriented research with these substances, with important ramifications for their potential therapeutic value. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Psychedelics have yielded preliminary evidence for the capacity to treat addiction, depression, anxiety, and eating disorders.
“Most of these studies however suffer from low methodological validity and are mostly open-label, yet they have yielded preliminary evidence for the capacity of psychedelic substances for treating addiction, depression, anxiety, and eating disorders (29–35).”
From Examining the Potential Synergistic Effects Between Mindfulness Training and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says psychedelics have shown promise for mood, substance-use, and anxiety disorders, and notes that the studies generally had small samples. The Psilocybin section describes open-label addiction studies, but the passages found do not report preliminary treatment evidence for eating disorders. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Mystical states are important for the therapeutic effects of psychedelics.
“There is evidence that mystical states are important for the therapeutic effects of psychedelics (Garcia-Romeu et al. 2016)”
From Self unbound: ego dissolution in psychedelic experience (2017) · cites this paper as Garcia-Romeu et al. 2016

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Psychedelics and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
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“There is evidence that mystical states are important for the therapeutic effects of psychedelics (Garcia-Romeu et al. 2016) so explaining the ego dissolution experience is a crucial step in theorizing the mechanisms of psychedelic treatment.”
Background
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Authors: Garcia-Romeu, A., Kersgaard, B., & Addy, P. H.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
ORCID: Garcia-Romeu, Albert
Venue: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2016-08
Volume: 24
Issue: 4
Pages: 229-268
ISSN: 1064-1297 (ISSN-L)
1936-2293
DOI: 10.1037/pha0000084
PMC: PMC5001686
OpenAlex: W2490107109
Cited by: 201
References: 531
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 14.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/open-access.aspx (am, 358 d)
Locations: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA07209)
Heffter Research Institute
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Keywords: hallucinogens, psychedelics, entactogens, altered states of consciousness, recreational drug use, drug abuse, mechanism of action
MeSH terms: Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Hallucinogens, Humans

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