Cited by 393Adrenal and Paraganglionic TumorsNeuroendocrine Tumor Research AdvancesRenal cell carcinoma treatment

Pathological grading for predicting metastasis in phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

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Kimura, Noriko, Takayanagi, Ryoichi, Takizawa, Nae, Itagaki, Eiji, Katabami, Takayuki, Kakoi, Narihiko, Rakugi, Hiromi, Ikeda, Yukihiro +6 more·2014·Endocrine Related Cancer

Abstract

Phaeochromocytomas (PHEO) and paragangliomas are rare catecholamine-producing tumours. Although 10-30% of these tumours metastasise, histopathological criteria to discriminate malignant from benign tumours have not been established; therefore, reliable histopathological markers predicting metastasis are urgently required. A total of 163 tumours, including 40 metastatic tumours, collected by the Phaeochromocytoma Study Group in Japan (PHEO-J) were analysed using a system called grading system for adrenal phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (GAPP). The tumours were scored based on GAPP criteria as follows: histological pattern, cellularity, comedo-type necrosis, capsular/vascular invasion, Ki67 labelling index and catecholamine type. All tumours were scored from 0 to 10 points and were graded as one of the three types: well-differentiated (WD, 0-2 points), moderately differentiated (MD, 3-6 points) and poorly differentiated (PD, 7-10 points). GAPP scores of the non-metastatic and metastatic groups were 2.08±0.17 and 5.33±0.43 (mean±s.e.m., P<0.001) respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the GAPP score and the interval until metastasis (r=-0.438, P<0.01). The mean number of years until metastasis after the initial operation was 5.5±2.6 years. The study included 111 WD, 35 MD and 17 PD types. The five-year survival of these groups was 100, 66.8 and 22.4% respectively. In addition, negative immunoreactivity for succinate dehydrogenase gene subunit B (SDHB) was observed in 13 (8%) MD or PD tumours and ten of the 13 (77%) had metastases. Our data indicate that a combination of GAPP classification and SDHB immunohistochemistry might be useful for the prediction of metastasis in these tumours.

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  • A GAPP score of 0 to 2 is considered low risk, 3 to 6 intermediate risk, and 7 to 10 high risk.

    “A GAPP score of 0 to 2 is considered low risk, 3 to 6 intermediate risk, and 7 to 10 high risk.”

    From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [121]

  • Kimura et al. developed the GAPP scoring system for prediction of metastases, consisting of a smaller number of pathological parameters with weighted scoring.

    “Subsequently, Kimura et al. (121) developed a less involved scoring system for prediction of metastases, Grading of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (GAPP) consisting of a smaller number of pathological parameters with weighted scoring (1 or 2 points) including histological pattern; cellularity; comedo necrosis; capsular/vascular invasion; Ki67 proliferative index; and catecholamine phe”

    From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [121]

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  1. Naruse M & PHEO-J Study Group 2011 Nationwide survey and PHEO network for the study of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma in Japan (PHEO-J). Endocrine Reviews 32 Meeting Abstracts: P2-631. (doi:10. 1210/endo-meetings.2011.32.03_MeetingAbstracts.P2-631P2-631) · DOI

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Authors
Kimura, N., Takayanagi, R., Takizawa, N., Itagaki, E., Katabami, T., Kakoi, N., Rakugi, H., Ikeda, Y., Tanabe, A., Nigawara, T., Ito, S., Kimura, I., Naruse, M., & _, _.
Affiliations
  • National Hospital Organization (JP)
  • Kyushu University (JP)
  • Kansai Medical University (JP)
  • Kyorin University (JP)
  • St. Marianna University School of Medicine (JP)
  • Miyagi Prefectural Hospital Organization (JP)
  • The University of Osaka (JP)
  • Nihon University Itabashi Hospital (JP)
  • Tokyo Women's Medical University (JP)
  • Hirosaki University (JP)
  • Tohoku University (JP)
  • Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare (JP)
  • Kyoto Medical Center (JP)
Venue
Endocrine Related Cancer
Published
2014-02-12
Volume
21
Issue
3
Pages
405-414
ISSN
  • 1351-0088 (ISSN-L)
  • 1479-6821
OpenAlex
W2153367841
Cited by
393
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6
FWCI
21.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Endocrine Related Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Shimane University
  • Tokyo Medical and Dental University
  • Jikei University School of Medicine
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Keywords
pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, metastasis prediction, tumor grade, SDHB immunohistochemistry, Ki-67 labelling index, comedo necrosis, capsular invasion, survival
MeSH terms
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Catecholamines, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Paraganglioma, Pheochromocytoma, Prognosis, Succinate Dehydrogenase, Biomarkers, Tumor, Survival Rate, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult, Neoplasm Grading

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