CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 39Congenital Heart Disease StudiesCongenital heart defects researchCardiovascular Conditions and Treatments

Educational series in congenital heart disease: Tetralogy of Fallot: Diagnosis to long-term follow-up

Open access
Bedair, R., Iriart, X.·2019·Echo Research & Practice
DOI 10.1530/erp-18-0049PMC PMC6301192
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect, affecting 3 in 10,000 live births. Surgical correction in early childhood is associated with good outcomes, but lifelong follow-up is necessary to identify the long-term sequelae that may occur. This article will cover the diagnosis of TOF in childhood, the objectives of surveillance through adulthood and the value of multi-modality imaging in identifying and guiding timely surgical and percutaneous interventions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1530/erp-18-0049

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 32

  1. [1]Loffredo CA. Epidemiology of cardiovascular malformations: prevalence and risk factors. American Journal of Medical Genetics 2000 97 319– 325. (10.1002/1096-8628(200024)97:4<319::AID-AJMG1283>3.0.CO;2-E) 11376444 · DOI
  2. [2]Suzuki A Ho SY Anderson RH Deanfield JE. Further morphologic studies on tetralogy of Fallot, with particular emphasis on the prevalence and structure of the membranous flap. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1990 99 528– 535. 2308371
  3. [3]Ramaswamy P Lytrivi ID Thanjan MT Nguyen T Srivastava S Sharma S Ko HH Parness IA Lai WW. Frequency of aberrant subclavian artery, arch laterality, and associated intracardiac anomalies detected by echocardiography. American Journal of Cardiology 2008 101 677– 682. (10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.10.036) 18308020 · DOI
  4. [4]Anderson RH Weinberg PM. The clinical anatomy of tetralogy of fallot. Cardiology in the Young 2005 15 (Supplement 1) 38– 47. (10.1017/S1047951105001010) 15934690 · DOI
  5. [5]Nakata S Imai Y Takanashi Y Kurosawa H Tezuka K Nakazawa M Ando M Takao A. A new method for the quantitative standardization of cross-sectional areas of the pulmonary arteries in congenital heart diseases with decreased pulmonary blood flow. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1984 88 610– 619. 6482493
  6. [6]Dabizzi RP Caprioli G Aiazzi L Castelli C Baldrighi G Parenzan L Baldrighi V. Distribution and anomalies of coronary arteries in tetralogy of fallot. Circulation 1980 61 95– 102. (10.1161/01.CIR.61.1.95) 7349946 · DOI
  7. [7]Need LR Powell AJ del Nido P Geva T. Coronary echocardiography in tetralogy of fallot: diagnostic accuracy, resource utilization and surgical implications over 13 years. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2000 36 1371– 1377. (10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00862-7) 11028497 · DOI
  8. [8]Lev M Eckner FA. The pathologic anatomy of tetralogy of fallot and its variations. Diseases of the Chest 1964 45 251– 261. (10.1378/chest.45.3.251) 14132270 · DOI
  9. [10]Valsangiacomo Buechel ER Grosse-Wortmann L Fratz S Eichhorn J Sarikouch S Greil GF Beerbaum P Bucciarelli-Ducci C Bonello B Sieverding L, et al Indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance in children with congenital and acquired heart disease: an expert consensus paper of the Imaging Working Group of the AEPC and the Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Section of the EACVI. European Heart Journal: Cardiovascular Imaging 2015 16 281– 297. (10.1093/ehjci/jeu129) 25712078 · DOI · Paper page
  10. [11]Rigsby CK McKenney SE Hill KD Chelliah A Einstein AJ Han BK Robinson JD Sammet CL Slesnick TC Frush DP. Radiation dose management for pediatric cardiac computed tomography: a report from the Image Gently ‘Have-A-Heart’ campaign. Pediatric Radiology 2018 48 5– 20. (10.1007/s00247-017-3991-x) 29292481 PMC6230472 · DOI
  11. [12]Habib Geryes B Calmon R Donciu V Khraiche D Warin-Fresse K Bonnet D Boddaert N Raimondi F. Low-dose paediatric cardiac and thoracic computed tomography with prospective triggering: is it possible at any heart rate? Physica Medica 2018 49 99– 104. (10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.05.015) 29866350 · DOI
  12. [13]Taussig HB Blalock A. The tetralogy of Fallot; diagnosis and indications for operation; the surgical treatment of the tetralogy of Fallot. Surgery 1947 21 145. 20279481
  13. [14]Sandoval JP Chaturvedi RR Benson L Morgan G Van Arsdell G Honjo O Caldarone C Lee KJ. Right ventricular outflow tract stenting in tetralogy of fallot infants with risk factors for early primary repair. Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions 2016 9 e003979 (10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.003979) 27965298 · DOI
  14. [15]Lillehei CW Cohen M Warden HE Read RC Aust JB Dewall RA Varco RL. Direct vision intracardiac surgical correction of the tetralogy of Fallot, pentalogy of Fallot, and pulmonary atresia defects; report of first ten cases. Annals of Surgery 1955 142 418– 442. (10.1097/00000658-195509000-00010) 13249340 PMC1465089 · DOI
  15. [16]Chiu SN Wang JK Chen HC Lin MT Wu ET Chen CA Huang SC Chang CI Chen YS Chiu IS, et al Long-term survival and unnatural deaths of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot in an Asian cohort. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2012 5 120– 125. (10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.963603) 22235069 · DOI · Paper page
  16. [17]Mongeon FP Gurvitz MZ Broberg CS Aboulhosn J Opotowsky AR Kay JD Valente AM Earing MG Lui GK Fernandes SM, et al Aortic root dilatation in adults with surgically repaired tetralogy of fallot: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Circulation 2013 127 172– 179. (10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.129585) 23224208 · DOI
  17. [18]Khairy P Dore A Poirier N Marcotte F Ibrahim R Mongeon FP Mercier LA. Risk stratification in surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 2009 7 755– 762. (10.1586/erc.09.38) 19589112 · DOI
  18. [19]Lang RM Badano LP Mor-Avi V Afilalo J Armstrong A Ernande L Flachskampf FA Foster E Goldstein SA Kuznetsova T, et al Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. European Heart Journal: Cardiovascular Imaging 2015 16 233– 270. (10.1093/ehjci/jev014) 25712077 · DOI
  19. [20]Koestenberger M Nagel B Avian A Ravekes W Sorantin E Cvirn G Beran E Halb V Gamillscheg A. Systolic right ventricular function in children and young adults with pulmonary artery hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease and tetralogy of Fallot: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and magnetic resonance imaging data. Congenital Heart Disease 2012 7 250– 258. (10.1111/j.1747-0803.2012.00655.x) 22494699 · DOI
  20. [21]van der Hulst AE Roest AA Delgado V Holman ER de Roos A Blom NA Bax JJ. Relationship between temporal sequence of right ventricular deformation and right ventricular performance in patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot. Heart 2011 97 231– 236. (10.1136/hrt.2010.199919) 21138862 · DOI
  21. [22]Srinivasan C Sachdeva R Morrow WR Greenberg SB Vyas HV. Limitations of standard echocardiographic methods for quantification of right ventricular size and function in children and young adults. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 2011 30 487– 493. (10.7863/jum.2011.30.4.487) 21460148 · DOI
  22. [23]Menting ME van den Bosch AE McGhie JS Eindhoven JA Cuypers JA Witsenburg M Geleijnse ML Helbing WA Roos-Hesselink JW. Assessment of ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot using myocardial deformation imaging. European Heart Journal: Cardiovascular Imaging 2015 16 1347– 1357. (10.1093/ehjci/jev090) 26224483 · DOI · Paper page
  23. [24]Mercer-Rosa L Parnell A Forfia PR Yang W Goldmuntz E Kawut SM. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in the assessment of right ventricular function in children and adolescents after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 2013 26 1322– 1329. (10.1016/j.echo.2013.06.022) 23928091 PMC4336673 · DOI
  24. [25]Kutty S Zhou J Gauvreau K Trincado C Powell AJ Geva T. Regional dysfunction of the right ventricular outflow tract reduces the accuracy of Doppler tissue imaging assessment of global right ventricular systolic function in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 2011 24 637– 643. (10.1016/j.echo.2011.01.020) 21392939 · DOI
  25. [26]Baumgartner H Bonhoeffer P De Groot NM de Haan F Deanfield JE Galie N Gatzoulis MA Gohlke-Baerwolf C Kaemmerer H Kilner P, et al ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010). European Heart Journal 2010 31 2915– 2957. (10.1093/eurheartj/ehq249) 20801927 · DOI · Paper page
  26. [28]Therrien J Provost Y Merchant N Williams W Colman J Webb G. Optimal timing for pulmonary valve replacement in adults after tetralogy of Fallot repair. American Journal of Cardiology 2005 95 779– 782. (10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.11.037) 15757612 · DOI
  27. [29]Ammash NM Dearani JA Burkhart HM Connolly HM. Pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy of Fallot repair: clinical features, sequelae, and timing of pulmonary valve replacement. Congenital Heart Disease 2007 2 386– 403. (10.1111/j.1747-0803.2007.00131.x) 18377431 · DOI
  28. [30]Geva T. Indications and timing of pulmonary valve replacement after tetralogy of Fallot repair. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual 2006 9 11– 22. (10.1053/j.pcsu.2006.02.009) 16638542 · DOI
  29. [31]Frigiola A Redington AN Cullen S Vogel M. Pulmonary regurgitation is an important determinant of right ventricular contractile dysfunction in patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 2004 110 (11 Supplement 1) II153– II157. (10.1161/01.CIR.0000138397.60956.c2) 15364855 · DOI
  30. [32]Ferraz Cavalcanti PE Sa MP Santos CA Esmeraldo IM de Escobar RR de Menezes AM de Azevedo OM Jr de Vasconcelos Silva FP Lins RF, et al Pulmonary valve replacement after operative repair of tetralogy of Fallot: meta-analysis and meta-regression of 3,118 patients from 48 studies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2013 62 2227– 2243. (10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.107) 24080109 · DOI · Paper page
  31. [33]Bokma JP Geva T Sleeper LA Babu Narayan SV Wald R Hickey K Jansen K Wassall R Lu M Gatzoulis MA, et al A propensity score-adjusted analysis of clinical outcomes after pulmonary valve replacement in tetralogy of Fallot. Heart 2018 104 738– 744. (10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312048) 29092913 · DOI
  32. [34]Goreczny S Moszura T Dryzek P Lukaszewski M Krawczuk A Moll J Morgan GJ. Three-dimensional image fusion guidance of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation to reduce radiation exposure and contrast dose: a comparison with traditional two-dimensional and three-dimensional rotational angiographic guidance. Netherlands Heart Journal 2017 25 91– 99. (10.1007/s12471-016-0941-4) 27966187 PMC5260627 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Bedair, R., & Iriart, X.
Affiliations
  • University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux (FR)
Corresponding author
  • Bedair, R.
  • Iriart, X.
ORCID
Iriart, X.
Venue
Echo Research & Practice
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-03
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
R10-R24
ISSN
  • 2055-0456 (ISSN-L)
  • 2055-0464
DOI
10.1530/erp-18-0049
PMC
PMC6301192
OpenAlex
W2904895995
Cited by
39
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2
FWCI
0.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Echo Research and Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
Keywords
tetralogy of Fallot, cyanotic congenital heart disease, long-term follow-up, adult congenital heart disease, surveillance (medicine), multi-modality imaging, surgical correction, percutaneous intervention

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review