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Cited by 7Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology StudiesPaleopathology and ancient diseasesArchaeology and ancient environmental studies

Bioarchaeology of human skeletons from an elite tomb at Pacopampa in Peru’s northern highlands.

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NAGAOKA, TOMOHITO, SEKI, YUJI, HIDALGO, JUAN PABLO VILLANUEVA, CHOCANO, DANIEL MORALES·2020·Anthropological Science
DOI 10.1537/ase.200218
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Abstract

The Pacopampa site is one of the largest Formative Period sites in Peru’s northern highlands. This study describes newly excavated human remains from the site, compares them with previous findings, and provides bioarchaeological approaches to assess social stratification in Formative Period Andes, leading to an understanding of how social stratification emerged in the Andean civilization. The human remains studied were two individuals from an elite tomb (the ‘Serpent-Jaguar Priests’ tomb) at the ceremonial center of the site. At the bottom of the tomb, a middle-aged female was laid over the remains of a young male. The central position of the tomb and the rich repertoire of grave goods suggest that these individuals had symbolic importance and belonged to an elite social group. The possible presence of artificial cranial deformation in the female suggests that the buried individuals were socially different from the other burial individuals of this site. There is no dental caries in these two individuals. The comparison of caries frequencies between these two individuals and non-elites showed lower caries frequencies in the former than in the latter. Taking into consideration existing isotopic data of Formative Period sites, the social differences in the caries frequencies can be attributed to the elites’ dietary patterns— which contained fewer cariogenic foods. Thus, this study revealed the emergence of social stratification in Peru’s northern highlands and its possible pathological impacts.

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  • Nagaoka, Seki, Hidalgo, & Chocano [56] (2020) used artificially deformed crania as one of the determinant factors of the elite of Pacopampa (3000-50 BCE).

    “Nagaoka, Seki, Hidalgo, & Chocano [56] (2020) used artificially deformed crania as one of the determinant factors of the elite of Pacopampa (3000–50 BCE), which are associated with mineral pigments, precious ornaments, and goods in Peru.”

    From Investigating intentional cranial modification: A hybridized two-dimensional/three-dimensional study of the Hirota site, Tanegashima, Japan (2023) · cites this paper as [56]

    Materials and Methods (page unavailable) lists the lack of cranial deformation, pigments, ornaments, and precious goods as factors used to identify non-elites. The Discussion (page unavailable) associates deformation with rich grave goods and possible social distinction, but describes deformation in the newly studied elite female as possible, not established. The Introduction identifies 3000–50 BC as the Formative Period, not the date range of the studied tomb. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Brothwell D.R. (1981) Digging up bones. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, pp. 59-75.
  2. Onuki Y. (1998) Kosa shita te no shinden. In: Kato Y. and Seki Y. (eds.), Bunmei no sozoryoku. Kadokawa Shoten, Tokyo, pp. 43-94.
  3. Seki Y. (2014) Introducción. In: Seki Y. (ed.), El centro ceremonial andino: nuevas perspectivas para los Períodos Arcaico y Formativo (Senri Ethnological Studies 89). National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, pp. 1-19.
  4. Seki Y. (2017) Pacopampa iseki no maiso kara mita kenryoku sei- sei. In: Seki Y. (ed.), Andesu bunmei shinden kara yomitoru kenryoku no sekai. Rinsen Shoten, Kyoto, pp. 267-289.
  5. Seki Y. and Yoneda M. (2005) Cambios de manejo del poder en el Formativo: desde el análisis de la dieta alimenticia. Perpecti- vas Latinoamericanas, Numero 2, Centro de Estudios Laino- americanos, Universidad Nanzan, Nagoya, pp. 110-131.
  6. White C.D. (1994) Dietary dental pathology and cultural change in the Maya. In: Herring A. and Chan L. (eds.), Strength in Diversity: A Reader in Physical Anthropology. Canadian Scholars Press, Toronto, pp. 279-302.

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Authors
NAGAOKA, T., SEKI, Y., HIDALGO, J. P. V., & CHOCANO, D. M.
Affiliations
  • St. Marianna University School of Medicine (JP)
  • National Museum of Ethnology (JP)
  • National University of San Marcos (PE)
ORCID
Venue
Anthropological Science
Publisher
Anthropological Society of Nippon
Published
2020
Volume
128
Issue
1
Pages
11-17
ISSN
  • 0918-7960 (ISSN-L)
  • 1348-8570
DOI
10.1537/ase.200218
OpenAlex
W3013486870
Cited by
7
References
13
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3
FWCI
7.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Anthropological Science (publishedVersion)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19K06868, 19H01396, 20H01377, 15K07241, 18KT0005, 23222003, 16H02729, 16H05639)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Paleopathology and ancient diseases
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
Keywords
Formative period, elite tombs, social stratification, Andean civilization, artificial cranial deformation, dental caries, diet, grave goods, skeletal remains, northern Peruvian highlands

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