Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Language Delay in 2-Year-Old Children: The Importance of Dose and Timing on Risk
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dose and timing of prenatal alcohol exposure with early language acquisition. METHODS. We examined language delay in a randomly selected, population-based sample of Western Australian children born in 1995–1996 whose mothers had agreed to participate in a longitudinal study on health-related behaviors and who had completed the 2-year questionnaire (N = 1739). Information on alcohol consumption was collected at 3 months after birth for four periods; the three months pre-pregnancy and for each trimester separately. Prenatal alcohol exposure was grouped into none, low, moderate-heavy and binge (>5) based on the total quantity consumed per week, quantity consumed per occasion, and frequency of consumption. The communication scale from the Ages & Stages Questionnaire was used to evaluate language delay. Logistic regression analysis was used to generate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for confounding factors. RESULTS. There was no association between low levels of alcohol consumption and language delay at any time period, although there was a nonsignificant 30% increase in risk when moderate-to-heavy levels of alcohol were consumed in the third trimester. Children exposed to a binge pattern of maternal alcohol consumption in the second trimester had nonsignificant, three-fold increased odds of language delay, with a similar estimate following third trimester alcohol exposure after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS. This study did not detect an association between low levels of prenatal alcohol exposure and language delay when compared with women who abstained from alcohol during pregnancy. A nonsignificant threefold increase in the likelihood of language delay was seen in children whose mothers binged during late pregnancy. However, the small numbers of women with a binge-drinking pattern in late pregnancy limited the power of this study; studies analyzing larger numbers of children exposed to binge drinking in late pregnancy are needed.
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In the Australian cohort, only 85% of women who agreed to participate originally did so at year two when language outcome was being measured.
“In the Australian cohort [30], only 85% of women who agreed to participate originally did so at year two when language outcome was being measured.”
From The effect of moderate gestational alcohol consumption during pregnancy on speech and language outcomes in children: a systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- O'Leary, C., Zubrick, S. R., Taylor, C. L., Dixon, G., & Bower, C.
- Affiliations
- Division of Population Sciences, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research
- The Kids Research Institute Australia (AU)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2009-02-01
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 547-554
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2065276768
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia) (submittedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- McMaster University
- Department of Health, Government of Western Australia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- prenatal alcohol exposure, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, language delay, maternal alcohol consumption, binge drinking, trimester-specific exposure, dose-response relationship, early language acquisition, two-year-old children
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Language Development Disorders, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors
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