Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Language Development
Abstract
The effects of fetal alcohol exposure on language and speech acquisition were investigated in a cohort of socioeconomically disadvantaged urban children. Language development was assessed by instruments derived from the Expressive and Receptive Scales of the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development (SICD) at 1, 2, and 3 years, and by indices constructed from a taped speech sample at age 2 years. Three indices of maternal drinking were supplemented with birth weight and a tally of craniofacial anomalies as early indicators of fetal alcohol damage. No statistically significant relationships were found between the alcohol and language indices after statistical control for confounding variables. The anomalies tally was marginally related to reduced language scores. The statistical significance of this relationship, depended, however, on a single child with the characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome. The pattern of results suggested that the anomalies tally, and to a lesser extent birth weight, are more sensitive indicators of fetal alcohol exposure than subsequent language development.
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In Greene et al. 1990, selection bias was deemed moderate due to ambiguous sample selection but minimal in both other studies.
“In the study by Greene et al. 1990 [31], selection bias was deemed to be ‘moderate’ due to ambiguous sample selection but ‘minimal’ in both other studies.”
From The effect of moderate gestational alcohol consumption during pregnancy on speech and language outcomes in children: a systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [31]
Analytic bias, though present in both Faden and Graubard and Greene et al., was relatively low.
“while analytic bias, though present in both Faden and Graubard [29] and Greene et al. [31], was relatively low.”
From The effect of moderate gestational alcohol consumption during pregnancy on speech and language outcomes in children: a systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [31]
In Greene et al., selection bias may have influenced the reported findings because children with gestational age under 37 weeks or admission to neonatal intensive care were excluded, potentially excluding children at higher risk of language delay or with different alcohol exposure.
“For Greene et al. [31] selection bias may have also influenced the reported findings. In particular, children with a gestational age under 37 weeks or with admission to neonatal intensive care were excluded from the study. This may have led to the exclusion of children who had a higher risk of language delay or a different pattern of alcohol exposure to other participants.”
From The effect of moderate gestational alcohol consumption during pregnancy on speech and language outcomes in children: a systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [31]
The included studies were methodologically heterogeneous and two studies had limitations including confounding, attrition and selection biases which reduce their validity.
“However, studies were methodologically heterogeneous and two studies (Faden and Graubard [29] and Greene et al. [31]) had a number of limitations including confounding, attrition and selection biases which reduce their validity.”
From The effect of moderate gestational alcohol consumption during pregnancy on speech and language outcomes in children: a systematic review (2014) · cites this paper as [31]
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Effects of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on the Central Nervous System*
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- Authors
- Greene, T., Emhart, C. B., Martier, S., Sokol, R., & Ager, J.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Wayne State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Greene, Tom
- Venue
- Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 937-945
- ISSN
- 0145-6008 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0277
- OpenAlex
- W2125503227
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5m01rr000210-26, 2r01aa006571-09)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA06571)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR00210)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 14883)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- prenatal alcohol exposure, fetal alcohol syndrome, language development, speech development, craniofacial anomalies, birth weight, maternal drinking, socioeconomic deprivation, urban children
- MeSH terms
- Child, Preschool, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intelligence, Language Development Disorders, Language Tests, Neurologic Examination, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Speech Production Measurement, Wechsler Scales, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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