Human Salmonella Infections Linked to Contaminated Dry Dog and Cat Food, 2006–2008
Abstract
Objective Human Salmonella infections associated with dry pet food have not been previously reported. We investigated such an outbreak of Salmonella Schwarzengrund and primarily affecting young children. Patients and methods Two multistate case-control studies were conducted to determine the source and mode of infections among case-patients with the outbreak strain. Study 1 evaluated household exposures to animals and pet foods, and study 2 examined risk factors for transmission among infant case-patients. Environmental investigations were conducted. Results Seventy-nine case-patients in 21 states were identified; 48% were children aged 2 years or younger. Case-households were significantly more likely than control households to report dog contact (matched odds ratio [mOR]: 3.6) and to have recently purchased manufacturer X brands of dry pet food (mOR: 6.9). Illness among infant case-patients was significantly associated with feeding pets in the kitchen (OR: 4.4). The outbreak strain was isolated from opened bags of dry dog food produced at plant X, fecal specimens from dogs that ate manufacturer X dry dog food, and an environmental sample and unopened bags of dog and cat foods from plant X. More than 23 000 tons of pet foods were recalled. After additional outbreak-linked illnesses were identified during 2008, the company recalled 105 brands of dry pet food and permanently closed plant X. Conclusions Dry dog and cat foods manufactured at plant X were linked to human illness…
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Transmission of Salmonella to dogs and their owners via contaminated treats, conventionally processed dry food and raw diets has been observed in a small number of well-investigated incidents.
“The transmission of Salmonella to dogs and their owners via contaminated treats, conventionally processed dry food and raw diets has been observed in a small number of well‐investigated incidents (American Veterinary Medical Association 2012; Behravesh et al. 2010; Brisdon et al. 2006; Clark et al. 2001; Cobb & Stavisky 2013; Health Canada 2000; Mayer et al. 1976; MDH 2018; Schnirring 2018).”
From Raw diets for dogs and cats: a review, with particular reference to microbiological hazards. (2019) · cites this paper as Behravesh et al. 2010
In the investigation by Behravesh et al. (2010), the risk to young children appeared to be disproportionately high.
“in the investigation by Behravesh et al. (2010), the risk to young children appeared to be disproportionately high”
From Raw diets for dogs and cats: a review, with particular reference to microbiological hazards. (2019) · cites this paper as Behravesh et al. 2010
Outbreak investigations have been conducted for human salmonellosis cases relating to a contaminated dry dog food manufacturing plant.
“Outbreak investigations have been conducted for human salmonellosis cases relating to a contaminated dry dog food manufacturing plant (Behravesh et al. 2010)”
From Raw diets for dogs and cats: a review, with particular reference to microbiological hazards. (2019) · cites this paper as Behravesh et al. 2010
These outbreak investigations provide firm supportive evidence for the zoonotic risk of feeding Salmonella-contaminated products to pets.
“These provide firm supportive evidence for the zoonotic risk of feeding Salmonella‐contaminated products to pets”
From Raw diets for dogs and cats: a review, with particular reference to microbiological hazards. (2019) · cites this paper as Behravesh et al. 2010
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Katz, S., & Banerjee, R. (2024) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2024-068467 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Detection and Isolation of Salmonella spp. in Animal Feeds from 2007-2011
Hsieh, Y.-C., Lee, K., Poole, T., Runyon, M., Jones, B., & Herrman, T. (2014) · Journal of regulatory science · doi:10.21423/jrs.regsci.2113 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…Johannesburg, Litchfield, Montevideo, Newport, Panama, Saint Paul, Schwarzengrund, Senftenberg, Tennessee, Typhi, Typhimurium, and Wandsworth (Behravesh et al., 2010; Braden, 2006; Gupta et al., 2007; Harris et al., 2010; Medus et al., 2006; Mody et al., 2011; Smith et al., 2008; Sotir et…”
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“Rigorous quantification of these variables would significantly advance the development of risk-based prevention and mitigation strategies in the household (Behravesh et al. , 2010).”
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“…of contaminated pet food products, including dry food and raw food, can also introduce Salmonella into household environments, increasing transmission risk (Arsevska et al., 2017; Behravesh et al., 2010; Davies et al., 2019; Finley et al., 2006, 2007; Hellgren et al., 2019; Schotte et al., 2007).”
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- Authors
- Behravesh, C. B., Ferraro, A., Deasy, M., Dato, V., Moll, M., Sandt, C., Rea, N. K., Rickert, R., Marriott, C., Warren, K., Urdaneta, V., Salehi, E., Villamil, E., Ayers, T., Hoekstra, R. M., Austin, J. L., Ostroff, S., Williams, I. T., & the Salmonella Schwarzengrund Outbreak Investigation Team
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Pennsylvania Department of Health (US)
- Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania;
- Ohio Department of Health (US)
- New York State Department of Health (US)
- National Center for Zoonotic, Vectorborne, and Enteric Diseases, Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases, and
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2010-09-01
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 477-483
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2117577767
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Safety and Hygiene
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Keywords
- Salmonella Schwarzengrund, salmonellosis, dry pet food, dog food, cat food, foodborne outbreak, zoonotic transmission, human-to-human transmission, infants, household exposure, food contamination, food storage and handling
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Animal Feed, Cats, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Outbreaks, Dogs, Female, Food Microbiology, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Salmonella, Salmonella Infections, Time Factors, United States, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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