Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Weight Gain in 2- to 5-Year-Old Children
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has been tightly linked to weight status among older children, the data regarding these relationships in children aged 2 to 5 years have been mixed. Our objective was to evaluate longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between SSB consumption and weight status among children aged 2 to 5 years. METHODS: We assessed SSB consumption and BMI z scores among 9600 children followed in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey—Birth Cohort, using linear and logistic regression and adjusting for race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, mother’s BMI, and television viewing. RESULTS: Higher rates of SSB consumption were associated with higher BMI z scores among children age 4 (P < .05) and 5 (P < .001) but not yet at 2 years. Children aged 5 years who drank SSB regularly (compared with infrequent/nondrinkers) had a higher odds ratio for being obese (1.43, confidence interval 1.10–1.85, P < .01). In prospective analysis, children drinking SSB at 2 years (compared with infrequent/nondrinkers) had a greater subsequent increase in BMI z score over the ensuing 2 years (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Similar to what is seen among older children, children aged 2 to 5 years drinking SSB demonstrate both prospective and cross-sectional correlations with higher BMI z score. Pediatricians and parents should discourage SSB consumption to help avoid potential unhealthy weight gain in young children. From a public health standpoint, strong consideration should be made toward policy changes leading to decreases in SSB consumption among children.
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Among a nationally representative survey of 2 to 5 year olds in the U.S., children who consumed more than one SSB serving (8 fluid ounces) per day at 2 years old had a significantly greater increase in BMI z-score over the next 2 years compared to infrequent/non SSB drinkers.
“For example, among a nationally representative survey of 2 to 5 year olds in the U.S., children who consumed more than one SSB serving (serving = 8 fluid ounces) per day at 2 years old had a significantly greater increase in BMI z-score over the next 2 years compared to infrequent/non SSB drinkers [38].”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- DeBoer, M. D., Scharf, R. J., & Demmer, R. T.
- Affiliations
- Divisions of Pediatric Endocrinology and
- University of Virginia (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2013-09-01
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 413-420
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC3876761
- OpenAlex
- W2137870987
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 19.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K08HD060739)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- sugar-sweetened beverages, childhood obesity, weight gain, BMI z-score, toddlers, preschool children, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, beverage consumption, television viewing, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Beverages, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Obesity, Risk Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Dietary Sucrose, Overweight
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