Cited by 386Personality Disorders and PsychopathologyBipolar Disorder and TreatmentPersonality Traits and Psychology

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Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence

Kaess, Michael, Brunner, Romuald, Chanen, Andrew·2014·Pediatrics

DOI 10.1542/peds.2013-3677

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Abstract

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and severe mental disorder that is associated with severe functional impairment and a high suicide rate. BPD is usually associated with other psychiatric and personality disorders, high burden on families and carers, continuing resource utilization, and high treatment costs. BPD has been a controversial diagnosis in adolescents, but this is no longer justified. Recent evidence demonstrates that BPD is as reliable and valid among adolescents as it is in adults and that adolescents with BPD can benefit from early intervention. Consequently, adolescent BPD is now recognized in psychiatric classification systems and in national treatment guidelines. This review aims to inform practitioners in the field of adolescent health about the nature of BPD in adolescence and the benefits of early detection and intervention. BPD diagnosis and treatment should be considered part of routine practice in adolescent mental health to improve these individuals' well-being and long-term prognosis.

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“…as a developmental phenomenon, the latest research and professional guidelines show that clinicians can reliably and validly diagnose personality disorders in adolescence (Kaess, Brunner, and Chanen 2014; Leichsenring et al. 2023; Miller, Muehlenkamp, and Jacobson 2008; Zanarini et al. 2011).”
Feasibility randomised controlled trial of a brief psychological intervention for adolescents with borderline personality disorder symptoms delivered with schools and colleges
Wilson, J., Gee, B., Martin, N. C., Maxwell, S. L., Murdoch, J., Clarke, T., Clark, A., Turner, D., Katangwe‐Chigamba, T., Jones, P. B., et al. (2025) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-025-01679-5 · Cited by 1
“Symptoms of BPD typically emerge during adolescence [6], and approximately 3% of children and young people living in the community present with BPD symptoms [7, 8].”
Personality traits or emotional dysregulation: a multiple mediation analyses of adolescent depression
Aune, T. K., Wolmer, L., Aune, S. F., Hamiel, D., & Nordahl, H. M. (2025) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-025-00302-6 · Cited by 1
“BPD is a reliable and valid construct among adolescents [18, 19], and its prevalence is comparable to that found among adults [20].”
Assessing Impulsivity in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Features via an Emotional Contextual Go/NoGo Paradigm
Wang, Q. J., Chen, Y., & Zhong, J. (2025) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s514799 · Cited by 1
Age transformation of leading clinical diagnoses in adolescents and young people with non-suicidal self-harm
Khutoryanskaya, Y. V., & Гречаный, С. В. (2025) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202512510248 · Cited by 1
Differential Associations of Borderline Personality Disorder with Past and Recurrent Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents in a Specialized Early Intervention Setting
Hess, L., Hertel, C., Lerch, S., Reichl, C., & Kaess, M. (2025) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a001060 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
The Dimensionalization of Personality Pathology
Sharp, C., & Boone, K. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197769676.003.0009 · Cited by 1
Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide Mortality in Youths
Geoffroy, M., Baker‐Sullivan, E., Nitu, N. J., Civita, A., Boruff, J. T., Sinyor, M., Robinson, J., MacDonald, K., Anzarouth, L., Chartrand, E., et al. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.21622 · Cited by 1
Meeting report of the 2nd German dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents network meeting
Hammerle, F., Bürger, A., Kaess, M., & Kolar, D. R. (2016) · BMC Proceedings · doi:10.1186/s12919-016-0003-3 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Borderline-Störungen bei Jugendlichen: Entwicklungspsychopathologie und Therapie
Resch, F., Brunner, R. M., Parzer, P., & Kaess, M. (2017) · Psychosomatik im Zentrum · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-54146-3_7 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Supporting students with borderline personality disorder
Thornton, S. (2018) · British Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjsn.2018.13.2.86 · Cited by 1
Episodios de mentalización durante psicoterapia de adolescentes con difusión de identidad
Quevedo, Y., Hernández, C., Gómez, D. M., Díaz, C. G., & Valdés, N. (2019) · Revista de psicología · doi:10.5354/0719-0581.2019.53941 · Cited by 1
Früherkennung und -behandlung der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Cavelti, M., & Kaess, M. (2020) · Swiss Archives of Neurology Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.4414/sanp.2020.03127 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Symptômes reliés au diagnostic du trouble de personnalité limite à l’adolescence : une recension systématique de la littérature
Bœuf, É. L., Sénéchal, C., & Larivée, S. J. (2020) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2020.09.002 · Cited by 1
Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder
Hamid, Z., & Shah, S. A. (2016) · International Journal of Indian Psychology · doi:10.25215/0302.089
Eine mehrdimensionale Untersuchung der Emotionsregulation im Kontext Nicht-Suizidaler Selbstverletzung im Jugendalter
Sigrist, C., Resch, F., Kaess, M., & Koenig, J. (2021) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2021.70.8.699 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
EEG Features in Adolescent Patients with Borderline and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Изнак, А. Ф., Изнак, Е. В., Damyanovich, E. V., Es, K., Kuleshov, A. A., & Vg, K. (2022) · Acta Scientific Neurology · doi:10.31080/asne.2021.04.0471 · Cited by 1
Brief education supported psychological treatment for adolescent borderline personality disorder: the BEST feasibility RCT
Wilson, J., Gee, B., Martin, N. C., Maxwell, S. L., Murdoch, J., Clarke, T., Clark, A., Turner, D., Notley, C. J., Katangwe‐Chigamba, T., et al. (2022) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/hnin4621 · Cited by 1
Diagnose- und Behandlungsbereitschaft der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung im Jugendalter unter Therapierenden
Bürger, A., Scheiner, C., Panning, L., Huetter, S., Koelch, M., & Kleindienst, N. (2023) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000398 · Cited by 1
MALADAPTIVE PARENTING AND PEER GROUP BULLYING AS PATHOLOGICAL PATHWAYS TO BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER SYMPTOMS IN EARLY ADULT: CASE REPORT
Widhihutami, H., & Ulya, Z. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research · doi:10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.5 · Cited by 1
Elevated risk of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents and young adults with borderline personality disorder: a retrospective longitudinal nationwide population-based study
Chang, C.-C., Chen, M., Bai, Y., Tsai, S., Chen, T., & Liou, Y. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02464-0 · Cited by 1
“…moods, difficulty in con - trolling anger, an unstable sense of self, insecure identity, low self-esteem, feelings of emptiness, difficulty in avoid - ing perceived abandonment, repetitive non-suicidal self-injury, recurrent suicidal ideation or attempts, and impulsive risk-taking behaviors [1, 4].”
The Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Household Chaos, Perceived Stress, and Borderline Personality Disorder Features in Outpatient Youth
Aleva, A., de Boois, G., Hessels, C. J., & Laceulle, O. M. (2024) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth4040093 · Cited by 1
The effectiveness of the TaySH (Transitional Age Youth Self-Harm) Program in the management of Non-Suicidal Self-Harm (NSSI) in outpatient adolescents and young adults: A non-randomized controlled pilot study
Calvo, N., Amoretti, S., Lugo-Marín, J., Oriol, M., Perez, C., Ramos-Quiroga, J., & Ferrer, M. (2025) · European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100288 · Cited by 1
“23,32,33 considering the presence of negative affect as a strong predictor of NSSI.”
The Relationship Between Personality Inventory for DSM (PID-5) Domains and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Akça, Ö. F., Cano, K., & Sharp, C. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.2478/sjcapp-2025-0001 · Cited by 1
“…gap in the literature examining the relationship between EP and the AMPD is that no studies have utilized an adolescent sample - a developmental period during which personality organization maturates and personality pathology often onsets (34,35) and emotional and behavioral problems increase (36).”
Borderline personality disorder in adolescents: An underrecognized diagnosis
Nazir, D., Raj, R., Margoob, M. A., & Wani, Z. A. (2025) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_39_25 · Cited by 3
“…like parental discord, single parenting, repetitive emotional and sexual abuse exhibited more severe symptoms, supporting the idea that familial factors significantly influence the prognosis of BPD. [11,13] Psychotherapy was universally prescribed, highlighting its central role in BPD management.”
Diagnostische und therapeutische Möglichkeiten bei PatientInnen mit einer Persönlichkeitsstörung unter Beachtung des Bindungsverhaltens
Grassl, R., Lodermeier, F., Karwautz, A. F. K., & Löffler‐Stastka, H. (2015) · Psychotherapie Forum · doi:10.1007/s00729-015-0034-7 · Cited by 1
Emergencias psiquiátricas en niños y adolescentes: Relación entre características clínicas y demográficas
Osorio-Martínez, M. L., Peralta-Carmelino, F., & Chambergo-Romero, O. (2017) · Anales de la Facultad de Medicina · doi:10.15381/anales.v78i2.13185 · Cited by 1
Estructura de personalidad límite en adolescentes. A propósito de un caso
Guzman, A. H., & Seco, R. G. (2018) · Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil · doi:10.31766/revpsij.v35n3a3 · Cited by 1
Adversité précoce, dysrégulation émotionnelle et tentatives de suicide multiples chez les adolescents avec un trouble de la personnalité limite
Mirkovic, B., & Gérardin, P. (2020) · Perspectives Psy · doi:10.1051/ppsy/2020593241 · Cited by 1
International perspectives on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)
Brunner, R. M., Mikan, K., Niebler, M., & Kandsperger, S. (2021) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0015 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Validation of the shortened scale of borderline personality disorder symptoms lists in Iranian society and using this questionnaire in the diagnosis and severity of symptoms of borderline personality disorder
Noroozi, M. O., & Zemestani, M. (2021) · Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.32598/shenakht.8.2.51 · Cited by 1
Persönlichkeitsmodelle im Kontext der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie – Entwicklung, Veränderung, Stabilität und Forschungsperspektiven
Meier, S. A., Kandsperger, S., Brunner, R. M., & Zimmermann, P. (2022) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2022.71.1.2 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Personality: “My Friends Are Just Like Me”
Delgado, S. V., Pedapati, E. V., & Strawn, J. R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88075-0_6 · Cited by 1
A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT) and Affect Phobia Therapy (APT) in Reducing Depressive Symptoms in Women with Borderline Personality Disorder
hosini, T. H., Mirzahoseini, H., & Hajebi, M. Z. (2022) · doi:10.61838/kman.aftj.3.1.2 · Cited by 1
Personality Disorders in Adolescent Outpatients: a Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence, Comorbidity and Quality of Life
Korsgaard, H. O. (2017) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 1
États limites et personnalité limite (borderline)
Guelfi, J., Cailhol, L., Robin, M., & Lamas, C. (2018) · EMC - Psychiatrie · doi:10.1016/s0246-1072(18)81446-8 · Cited by 1
¿Trastorno límite de personalidad, trastorno por inestabilidad emocional o trastorno por desequilibrio emocional?: Una actualización para la APS
Tizón, J. L. (2017) · FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/j.fmc.2017.03.003
Aplicación del modelo alternativo de diagnóstico de Trastorno de la Personalidad DSM-5 para valorar la evolución de una paciente adolescente
Real‐López, M., Noroze-Gallego, S., Espinosa-Mata, M., Agüero-Ramón-Llin, C., Iglesias-Barrachina, J., & Ramos-Vidal, C. (2016) · Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil · doi:10.31766/revpsij.v33n4a3

Authors: Kaess, M., Brunner, R., & Chanen, A.
Affiliations: Heidelberg University (DE)
The University of Melbourne (AU)
ORCID: Kaess, Michael
Brunner, Romuald
Chanen, Andrew
Venue: Pediatrics
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published: 2014-10-01
Volume: 134
Issue: 4
Pages: 782-793
ISSN: 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3677
OpenAlex: W2055540900
Cited by: 386
References: 121
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 3.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: borderline personality disorder, adolescents, diagnosis, early intervention, early detection, psychiatric classification, treatment guidelines, suicide risk, psychiatric comorbidity, family burden, prognosis
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Borderline Personality Disorder, Humans, Risk-Taking, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Early Medical Intervention

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