Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: Diagnostic correlates and relation to suicide attempts
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent behavioral problem, yet many fundamental aspects of NSSI remain unknown. This case series study reports on the diagnostic correlates of adolescents with a recent history of NSSI and examines the relation between NSSI and suicide attempts. Data are from clinical interviews with 89 adolescents admitted to an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit who engaged in NSSI in the previous 12 months. Results revealed that 87.6% of adolescents engaging in NSSI met criteria for a DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis (M=3.0, S.D.=2.2, range=0 to 8 diagnoses), including externalizing (62.9%), internalizing (51.7%), and substance use (59.6%) disorders. Most adolescents assessed also met criteria for an Axis II personality disorder (67.3%). Overall, 70% of adolescents engaging in NSSI reported a lifetime suicide attempt and 55% reported multiple attempts. Characteristics of NSSI associated with making suicide attempts included a longer history of NSSI, use of a greater number of methods, and absence of physical pain during NSSI. These findings demonstrate the diagnostic heterogeneity of adolescents engaging in NSSI, highlight the significant overlap between NSSI and suicide attempts, and provide a point of departure for future research aimed at elucidating the relations between non-suicidal and suicidal self-injury.
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The data corroborates the association between depression, anxiety and self-injury.
“the data corroborates the association between depression, anxiety and self-injury [73, 93–101]”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [100]
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- Authors
- NOCK, M., JOINERJR, T., GORDON, K., LLOYDRICHARDSON, E., & PRINSTEIN, M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Florida State University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- NOCK, M
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09-30
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 65-72
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2165311544
- Cited by
- 1,617
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 101 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 113 · 2014: 123 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 91
- FWCI
- 32.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH11770, F32MH011770)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- non-suicidal self-injury, adolescents, suicide attempts, personality disorders, externalizing disorders, internalizing disorders, substance use disorders, repeated suicide attempts, self-injury methods, psychiatric inpatients
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Alcoholism, Mental Disorders, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Personality Disorders, Statistics as Topic, Suicide, Attempted, Comorbidity, Self-Injurious Behavior, Substance-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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