CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 160Nutritional Studies and DietAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderFatty Acid Research and Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Mediterranean Diet and ADHD in Children and Adolescents

Ríos-Hernández, Alejandra, Alda, José A., Farran-Codina, Andreu, Ferreira-García, Estrella, Izquierdo-Pulido, Maria·2017·PEDIATRICS
DOI 10.1542/peds.2016-2027
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been related to nutrient deficiencies and "unhealthy" diets, to date there are no studies that examined the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and ADHD. We hypothesized that a low adherence to a Mediterranean diet would be positively associated with an increase in ADHD diagnosis. METHODS: A total of 120 children and adolescents (60 with newly diagnosed ADHD and 60 controls) were studied in a sex- and age-matched case-control study. ADHD diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Energy, dietary intake, adherence to a Mediterranean diet, and familial background were measured. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between the adherence to a Mediterranean diet and ADHD. RESULTS: Lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with ADHD diagnosis (odds ratio: 7.07; 95% confidence interval: 2.65-18.84; relative risk: 2.80; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-5.25). Both remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Lower frequency of consuming fruit, vegetables, pasta, and rice and higher frequency of skipping breakfast and eating at fast-food restaurants were associated with ADHD diagnosis (P < .05). High consumption of sugar, candy, cola beverages, and noncola soft drinks (P < .01) and low consumption of fatty fish (P < .05) were also associated with a higher prevalence of ADHD diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although these cross-sectional associations do not establish causality, they raise the question of whether low adherence to a Mediterranean diet might play a role in ADHD development. Our data support the notion that not only "specific nutrients" but also the "whole diet" should be considered in ADHD.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1542/peds.2016-2027

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 50 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Wechsler, 2005, Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler Para Niños –IV (WISC-IV)
  2. Cantós, 2004, PCN Pro

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 160

Related

Metadata

Authors
Ríos-Hernández, A., Alda, J. A., Farran-Codina, A., Ferreira-García, E., & Izquierdo-Pulido, M.
Affiliations
  • Departments of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, and
  • Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona (ES)
  • ADHD Unit, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; and
ORCID
Alda, José A.
Venue
PEDIATRICS
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2017-02-01
Volume
139
Issue
2
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2016-2027
OpenAlex
W2581960492
Cited by
160
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7
FWCI
13.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Keywords
Mediterranean diet, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dietary adherence, children, adolescents, dietary intake, fruit and vegetable intake, breakfast skipping, fast food consumption, fatty fish consumption, dietary risk factors
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Patient Compliance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Spain, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Diet, Mediterranean

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review