Relationship Between Diet and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
We systematically reviewed 12 epidemiological studies to determine whether an association exists between diet quality and patterns and mental health in children and adolescents; 9 explored the relationship using diet as the exposure, and 3 used mental health as the exposure. We found evidence of a significant, cross-sectional relationship between unhealthy dietary patterns and poorer mental health in children and adolescents. We observed a consistent trend for the relationship between good-quality diet and better mental health and some evidence for the reverse. When including only the 7 studies deemed to be of high methodological quality, all but 1 of these trends remained. Findings highlight the potential importance of the relationship between dietary patterns or quality and mental health early in the life span.
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In the cross-sectional studies included in the systematic review, no conclusions about causality of diet and mental health can be drawn.
“However, in the cross-sectional studies included in this systematic review, no conclusions about causality of diet and mental health can be drawn”
From Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [66]
Poor dietary habits such as the Western-style diet, intake of low-quality, processed, or high-fat/sugar foods, and malnutrition can be related to poorer mental health, impaired cognitive function, and increased risk of developing anxiety, depression, or other mental illnesses.
“On the other hand, poor dietary habits (such as the Westernstyle diet), intake of low-quality, processed, or high-fat/sugar foods and malnutrition (over-and undernutrition) can be related to poorer mental health (305, 306), impaired cognitive function (298), and increased risk of developing anxiety (307), depression (292, 308, 309), or other mental illnesses.”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [305]
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- Authors
- O’Neil, A., Quirk, S. E., Housden, S., Brennan, S. L., Williams, L. J., Pasco, J. A., Berk, M., & Jacka, F. N.
- Affiliations
- Adrienne O’Neil, Shae E. Quirk, Siobhan Housden, Sharon L. Brennan, Lana J. Williams, Julie A. Pasco, Michael Berk, and Felice N. Jacka are with the Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
- Deakin University (AU)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e31-e42
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC4167107
- OpenAlex
- W2010660578
- Cited by
- 734
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- diet quality, dietary habits, mental health, children, adolescents, unhealthy diet, child and adolescent mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Diet, Humans, Mental Health, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors
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