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Cited by 57Vaccine Coverage and HesitancyEthics and Legal Issues in Pediatric HealthcareChild and Adolescent Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Medical Versus Nonmedical Immunization Exemptions for Child Care and School Attendance

COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE, COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, COMMITTEE ON STATE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH, SECTION ON ADMINISTRATION AND PRACTICE MANAGEMENT, Simon, Geoffrey R., Boudreau, Alexy D. Arauz, Baker, Cynthia, Barden, Graham A., Hackell, Jesse, Hardin, Amy, Meade, Kelley, Moore, Scot, Richerson, Julia E., Byington, Carrie L., Maldonado, Yvonne A., Barnett, Elizabeth D., Davies, H. Dele, Edwards, Kathryn M., Lynfield, Ruth, Munoz, Flor M., Nolt, Dawn, Nyquist, Ann-Christine, Rathore, Mobeen H., Sawyer, Mark H., Steinbach, William J., Tan, Tina Q., Zaoutis, Theoklis E., Wheeler, J. Gary, Edwards, Anne R., Brooks, Tami H., Graff, Nancy R., McManus, Michael Louis, Perez, Victor Hugo, Raulerson, Marsha Dendler, Holmes, Breena, Allison, Mandy, Ancona, Richard, Attisha, Elliott, Beers, Nathaniel, De Pinto, Cheryl, Gorski, Peter, Kjolhede, Chris, Lerner, Marc, Weiss-Harrison, Adrienne, Young, Thomas, Diasio, Christoph Robert, Cain, Kathleen K., Lessin, Herschel Robert, Marconi, Jeanne Marie, Schonfeld, Gail Ann, Shenkin, Budd N., Wong, Rudolph, Moore, John Eiland·2016·Pediatrics
DOI 10.1542/peds.2016-2145
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Abstract

This Policy Statement was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2025-072714.: Routine childhood immunizations against infectious diseases are an integral part of our public health infrastructure. They provide direct protection to the immunized individual and indirect protection to children and adults unable to be immunized via the effect of community immunity. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have regulations requiring proof of immunization for child care and school attendance as a public health strategy to protect children in these settings and to secondarily serve as a mechanism to promote timely immunization of children by their caregivers. Although all states and the District of Columbia have mechanisms to exempt school attendees from specific immunization requirements for medical reasons, the majority also have a heterogeneous collection of regulations and laws that allow nonmedical exemptions from childhood immunizations otherwise required for child care and school attendance. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) supports regulations and laws requiring certification of immunization to attend child care and school as a sound means of providing a safe environment for attendees and employees of these settings. The AAP also supports medically indicated exemptions to specific immunizations as determined for each individual child. The AAP views nonmedical exemptions to school-required immunizations as inappropriate for individual, public health, and ethical reasons and advocates for their elimination.

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Authors
COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE, COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, COMMITTEE ON STATE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH, MANAGEMENT, S. O. A. A. P., Simon, G. R., Boudreau, A. D. A., Baker, C., Barden, G. A., Hackell, J., Hardin, A., Meade, K., Moore, S., Richerson, J. E., Byington, C. L., Maldonado, Y. A., Barnett, E. D., Davies, H. D., Edwards, K. M., Lynfield, R., Munoz, F. M., Nolt, D., Nyquist, A.-C., Rathore, M. H., Sawyer, M. H., Steinbach, W. J., Tan, T. Q., Zaoutis, T. E., Wheeler, J. G., Edwards, A. R., Brooks, T. H., Graff, N. R., McManus, M. L., Perez, V. H., Raulerson, M. D., Holmes, B., Allison, M., Ancona, R., Attisha, E., Beers, N., De Pinto, C., Gorski, P., Kjolhede, C., Lerner, M., Weiss-Harrison, A., Young, T., Diasio, C. R., Cain, K. K., Lessin, H. R., Marconi, J. M., Schonfeld, G. A., Shenkin, B. N., Wong, R., & Moore, J. E.
ORCID
Venue
Pediatrics
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2016-09-01
Volume
138
Issue
3
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2016-2145
OpenAlex
W2509512370
Cited by
57
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10
FWCI
8.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
Keywords
childhood immunization, medical exemptions, nonmedical exemptions, school attendance, child care, immunization requirements, herd immunity, American Academy of Pediatrics policy, vaccine hesitancy
MeSH terms
Vaccination Refusal, Child, Child Care, Humans, Public Health, Religion and Medicine, Schools, United States, Vaccination, Immunization Programs

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