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Prevalence of healthy sleep duration among adults – United States, 2014
Open accessAbstract
To promote optimal health and well-being, adults aged 18-60 years are recommended to sleep at least 7 hours each night (1). Sleeping <7 hours per night is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, frequent mental distress, and all-cause mortality (2-4). Insufficient sleep impairs cognitive performance, which can increase the likelihood of motor vehicle and other transportation accidents, industrial accidents, medical errors, and loss of work productivity that could affect the wider community (5). CDC analyzed data from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to determine the prevalence of a healthy sleep duration (≥ 7 hours) among 444,306 adult respondents in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. A total of 65.2% of respondents reported a healthy sleep duration; the age-adjusted prevalence of healthy sleep was lower among non-Hispanic blacks, American Indians/Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and multiracial respondents, compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, and Asians. State-based estimates of healthy sleep duration prevalence ranged from 56.1% in Hawaii to 71.6% in South Dakota. Geographic clustering of the lowest prevalence of healthy sleep duration was observed in the southeastern United States and in states along the Appalachian Mountains, and the highest prevalence was observed in the Great Plains states. More than one third of U.S. respondents reported typically sleeping <7 hours in a 24-hour period, suggesting an ongoing need for public awareness and public education about sleep health; worksite shift policies that ensure healthy sleep duration for shift workers, particularly medical professionals, emergency response personnel, and transportation industry personnel; and opportunities for health care providers to discuss the importance of healthy sleep duration with patients and address reasons for poor sleep health.
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“Taken together, habitual short sleep duration is highly prevalent in the US population.”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
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Cites
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Cited by
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Xie, R., Liu, Y., Wu, Z., Huang, K., & Sun, Q. (2026) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-026-02481-x
“However, there is a substantial gap between this recommendation and reality: in the US, more than one third of adults report sleeping less than the recommended amount ( 7 h) per day [13].”
Self-citationPrajapati, H., Jadawala, S., Shastri, M., Malke, A., & Mehta, G. (2026) · Journal of Association of Physicians of India · doi:10.59556/japi.74.1662
Hua, G., Zhang, L., Li, C., Wang, Y., He, X., Cheng, C., Liu, L., Yang, X., & Jiao, J. (2026) · Global Heart · doi:10.5334/gh.1582
The use of Drosophila to study sleep impairments in stimulant use disorder
Miles, M., Karatas, M., & Rothenfluh, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2026.1913395
“These neurons increase their activity and synapse density after sleep deprivation to encode sleep need (Liu Y. et al., 2016; Donlea et al., 2018; Raccuglia et al., 2019).”
Singh, R., Gaston, S. A., Sandler, D. P., & Jackson, C. L. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-026-00710-1
“It is estimated that approximately 83.6 million adults in the U.S. regularly get less than the recommended 7 or more hours of sleep per night (Liu, 2016; Panel, 2015).”
InfluentialAristova, M., & Abbott, S. M. (2026) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2026.07.012
He, Y., & Hao, J. (2026) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/11795735261488260
Wang, H.-J., Liu, L., Li, Y.-H., Qiu, Y.-H., Xia, X., Cai, Y., & Zhang, S.-J. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1805467
“Sleep deprivation is commonly seen in professions such as doctors and night shift employees (7, 8).”
Dziki, K., Kucab, E., Kula, I. K., Kołodziej, A., Kołodziej, R., Klecha, J., Lulek, S., Półchłopek, S., Szpanelewski, K., Adamiec, W., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.3(51).2026.5753
Zendels, P. M., Gaston, S. A., Vitiello, M. V., Payne, C., Jackson, W. B., Nowakowski, S., & Jackson, C. L. (2026) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109291
Sleep-related disorders and thyroid gland
洪晓泉, Qiu, R., Lin, S., & Fu, J. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000050791
“[8] More worryingly, millions of Americans self-report sleep disorders each year.”
Cho, S., & Пархоменко, А. И. (2026) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbag067
Preceding night sleep time and multiple sleep latency test outcomes
Vozoris, N., Sykes, J., & Ryan, C. (2026) · Sleep and Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-026-03818-5
“However, population-level studies suggests that 7–8 h of TST (and not 6 h) is optimal for most adults (including for minimizing daytime sleep propensity) [4–5].”
Wallace, D. M., Liang, J., Razjouyan, J., Sweetman, A., Buenaver, L. F., Crew, E. C., & Sharafkhaneh, A. (2026) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109320
Jongejan, S. L., van der Heijden, A. C., & Talamini, L. M. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26206528
“SWS also declines naturally across the lifespan [14], making it particularly relevant in the context of the widespread prevalence of poor sleep in modern societies [15–20].”
Orgasmic Meditation, Sleep, and Next-Day Somatic Distress: A 30-Day Observational Study
Griggs, C. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.118014
The Association Between Sleep and Obesity in Adults: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses
Malasevskaia, I. A., Rebellow, D., Tarar, P., & Soliman, E. M. (2026) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.73449
“Concurrently, chronic sleep deprivation has become endemic in modern 24‑h societies: over one‑third of adults regularly sleep less than the recommended 7–9 h per night [4].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, Y., Wheaton, A. G., Chapman, D. P., Cunningham, T. J., Lu, H., & Croft, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Yong
- Venue
- MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- Published
- 2016-02-19
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 137-141
- ISSN
- 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-861X
- OpenAlex
- W2281809314
- Cited by
- 914
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 18
- FWCI
- 97.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- insufficient sleep, adults, prevalence, racial and ethnic disparities, regional variation, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, shift work, sleep health, public health education
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Time Factors, United States, Health Behavior, Prevalence, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Young Adult
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