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COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC — United States, January 1–April 30, 2021
Open accessAbstract
COVID-19 vaccines are a critical tool for controlling the ongoing global pandemic. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued Emergency Use Authorizations for three COVID-19 vaccines for use in the United States.* In large, randomized-controlled trials, each vaccine was found to be safe and efficacious in preventing symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (1-3). Despite the high level of vaccine efficacy, a small percentage of fully vaccinated persons (i.e. received all recommended doses of an FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine) will develop symptomatic or asymptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (2-8).
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“In April 2021, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a notice that breakthrough infections of COVID-19 in vaccinated individuals would no longer be recorded unless the cases were hospitalized [36].”
From Relative risk reduction: Misinformative measure in clinical trials and COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (2022) · cites this paper as [36]
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Metadata
- Authors
- CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Case Investigations Team, CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Case Investigations Team, Birhane, M., Bressler, S., Chang, G., Clark, T., Dorough, L., Fischer, M., Watkins, L. F., Goldstein, J. M., Kugeler, K., Langley, G., Lecy, K., Martin, S., Medalla, F., Mitruka, K., Nolen, L., Sadigh, K., Spratling, R., Thompson, G., & Trujillo, A.
- Corresponding author
- Fischer, Marc
- ORCID
- Venue
- MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- Published
- 2021-05-28
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 792-793
- ISSN
- 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-861X
- PMC
- PMC8158893
- OpenAlex
- W3165605711
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 173 · 2021: 115
- FWCI
- 30.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine efficacy, asymptomatic infection, emergency use authorization, vaccine safety, United States
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Treatment Failure, Disease Notification
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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