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Association Between COVID-19 and Myocarditis Using Hospital-Based Administrative Data — United States, March 2020–January 2021
Open accessAbstract
Viral infections are a common cause of myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) that can result in hospitalization, heart failure, and sudden death (1). Emerging data suggest an association between COVID-19 and myocarditis (2-5). CDC assessed this association using a large, U.S. hospital-based administrative database of health care encounters from >900 hospitals. Myocarditis inpatient encounters were 42.3% higher in 2020 than in 2019. During March 2020-January 2021, the period that coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, the risk for myocarditis was 0.146% among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during an inpatient or hospital-based outpatient encounter and 0.009% among patients who were not diagnosed with COVID-19. After adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics, patients with COVID-19 during March 2020-January 2021 had, on average, 15.7 times the risk for myocarditis compared with those without COVID-19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.1-17.2); by age, risk ratios ranged from approximately 7.0 for patients aged 16-39 years to >30.0 for patients aged <16 years or ≥75 years. Overall, myocarditis was uncommon among persons with and without COVID-19; however, COVID-19 was significantly associated with an increased risk for myocarditis, with risk varying by age group. These findings underscore the importance of implementing evidence-based COVID-19 prevention strategies, including vaccination, to reduce the public health impact of COVID-19 and its associated complications.
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“with COVID ranging from 150 to 4000 cases/100 000 individuals”
From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [85]
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“The overall incidence of myocarditis in the United States from SARSCoV-2 infection has been estimated in a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at around 150 cases/100 000 versus 9 cases/100 000 individuals in non-COVID cases during the same time period (Table 1).”
From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [85]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Boehmer, T. K., Kompaniyets, L., Lavery, A. M., Hsu, J., Ko, J. Y., Yusuf, H., Romano, S. D., Gundlapalli, A. V., Oster, M. E., & Harris, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Boehmer, Tegan K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- Published
- 2021-09-03
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 35
- Pages
- 1228-1232
- ISSN
- 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-861X
- PMC
- PMC8422872
- OpenAlex
- W3197576044
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 19
- FWCI
- 42.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, myocarditis, SARS-CoV-2, hospitalization, COVID-19 prevention, COVID-19 vaccination
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Myocarditis, Risk Factors, United States, Databases, Factual, Risk Assessment, Young Adult
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