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Cited by 310Viral Infections and Immunology ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesKawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Association Between COVID-19 and Myocarditis Using Hospital-Based Administrative Data — United States, March 2020–January 2021

Open access
Boehmer, Tegan K., Kompaniyets, Lyudmyla, Lavery, Amy M., Hsu, Joy, Ko, Jean Y., Yusuf, Hussain, Romano, Sebastian D., Gundlapalli, Adi V., Oster, Matthew E., Harris, Aaron M.·2021·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm7035e5PMC PMC8422872
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Abstract

Viral infections are a common cause of myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) that can result in hospitalization, heart failure, and sudden death (1). Emerging data suggest an association between COVID-19 and myocarditis (2-5). CDC assessed this association using a large, U.S. hospital-based administrative database of health care encounters from >900 hospitals. Myocarditis inpatient encounters were 42.3% higher in 2020 than in 2019. During March 2020-January 2021, the period that coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, the risk for myocarditis was 0.146% among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during an inpatient or hospital-based outpatient encounter and 0.009% among patients who were not diagnosed with COVID-19. After adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics, patients with COVID-19 during March 2020-January 2021 had, on average, 15.7 times the risk for myocarditis compared with those without COVID-19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.1-17.2); by age, risk ratios ranged from approximately 7.0 for patients aged 16-39 years to >30.0 for patients aged <16 years or ≥75 years. Overall, myocarditis was uncommon among persons with and without COVID-19; however, COVID-19 was significantly associated with an increased risk for myocarditis, with risk varying by age group. These findings underscore the importance of implementing evidence-based COVID-19 prevention strategies, including vaccination, to reduce the public health impact of COVID-19 and its associated complications.

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Figures

FIGURE 1 Number of myocarditis and COVID-19 inpatient encounters, by month* — Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release, United States, January 2019–May 2021 * Data from recent months might be incomplete.
FIGURE 1 Number of myocarditis and COVID-19 inpatient encounters, by month* — Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release, United States, January 2019–May 2021 * Data from recent months might be incomplete.CC0 · PubMed Central
FIGURE 2 Adjusted risk ratio (A) and adjusted risk difference (B) of myocarditis comparing patients with and without COVID-19,* overall and by sex and age group — Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release, United States, March 2020–January 2021 * The panels show adjusted risk ratios (A) and adjusted risk differences (B) of myocarditis comparing patients with COVID-19 to patients without COVID-19 (reference), obtained from a single logit model with the following covariates: a three-way interaction between presence of COVID-19, sex, and age group, including lower-order interactions and main effects; race/ethnicity; payer type; hospital U.S. Census region; and hospital urbanicity. 95% confidence intervals indicated by error bars.
FIGURE 2 Adjusted risk ratio (A) and adjusted risk difference (B) of myocarditis comparing patients with and without COVID-19,* overall and by sex and age group — Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release, United States, March 2020–January 2021 * The panels show adjusted risk ratios (A) and adjusted risk differences (B) of myocarditis comparing patients with COVID-19 to patients without COVID-19 (reference), obtained from a single logit model with the following covariates: a three-way interaction between presence of COVID-19, sex, and age group, including lower-order interactions and main effects; race/ethnicity; payer type; hospital U.S. Census region; and hospital urbanicity. 95% confidence intervals indicated by error bars.CC0 · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Boehmer, T. K., Kompaniyets, L., Lavery, A. M., Hsu, J., Ko, J. Y., Yusuf, H., Romano, S. D., Gundlapalli, A. V., Oster, M. E., & Harris, A. M.
Affiliations
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
Corresponding author
Boehmer, Tegan K.
ORCID
Venue
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Publisher
Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office
Published
2021-09-03
Volume
70
Issue
35
Pages
1228-1232
ISSN
  • 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-861X
DOI
10.15585/mmwr.mm7035e5
PMC
PMC8422872
OpenAlex
W3197576044
Cited by
310
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 19
FWCI
42.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, myocarditis, SARS-CoV-2, hospitalization, COVID-19 prevention, COVID-19 vaccination
MeSH terms
COVID-19, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Myocarditis, Risk Factors, United States, Databases, Factual, Risk Assessment, Young Adult

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