Hospitalizations Associated with COVID-19 Among Children and Adolescents — COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1, 2020–August 14, 2021
Open accessAbstract
Although COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and deaths have occurred more frequently in adults,† COVID-19 can also lead to severe outcomes in children and adolescents (1,2). Schools are opening for in-person learning, and many prekindergarten children are returning to early care and education programs during a time when the number of COVID-19 cases caused by the highly transmissible B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is increasing.§ Therefore, it is important to monitor indicators of severe COVID-19 among children and adolescents. This analysis uses Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)¶ data to describe COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among U.S. children and adolescents aged 0-17 years. During March 1, 2020-August 14, 2021, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations was 49.7 per 100,000 children and adolescents. The weekly COVID-19-associated hospitalization rate per 100,000 children and adolescents during the week ending August 14, 2021 (1.4) was nearly five times the rate during the week ending June 26, 2021 (0.3); among children aged 0-4 years, the weekly hospitalization rate during the week ending August 14, 2021, was nearly 10 times that during the week ending June 26, 2021.** During June 20-July 31, 2021, the hospitalization rate among unvaccinated adolescents (aged 12-17 years) was 10.1 times higher than that among fully vaccinated adolescents. Among all hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19, the proportions with indicators of severe disease (such as intensive care unit [ICU] admission) after the Delta variant became predominant (June 20-July 31, 2021) were similar to those earlier in the pandemic (March 1, 2020-June 19, 2021). Implementation of preventive measures to reduce transmission and severe outcomes in children is critical, including vaccination of eligible persons, universal mask wearing in schools, recommended mask wearing by persons aged ≥2 years in other indoor public spaces and child care centers,†† and quarantining as recommended after exposure to persons with COVID-19.§§.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
With prioritization of older age groups for vaccination, school-age children now account for an increasing proportion of cases and hospitalizations compared with their proportion early in the pandemic, and school outbreaks are occurring.
“With the prioritization of older age groups for vaccination, school-age children now account for an increasing proportion of cases and hospitalizations as compared with their proportion early in the pandemic,10,22,23,24 and school outbreaks are occurring.14,25”
From Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in U.S. Children and Adolescents
Feldstein, L. R., Rose, E. B., Horwitz, S. M., Collins, J. P., Newhams, M. M., Son, M. B. F., Newburger, J. W., Kleinman, L. C., Heidemann, S. M., Martin, A., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2021680 · Cited by 2,660 · see citing works
Kim, L., WHITAKER, M. D., O’Halloran, A. C., Kambhampati, A. K., Chai, S. J., Reingold, A. L., Armistead, I., Kawasaki, B., Meek, J. I., Yousey-Hindes, K. M., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6932e3 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Self-citationPreliminary evidence on long COVID in children
Buonsenso, D., Munblit, D., Rose, C. D., Sinatti, D., Ricchiuto, A., Carfì, A., & Valentini, P. (2021) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15870 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Nanduri, S. A., Pilishvili, T., Derado, G., Soe, M. M., Dollard, P., Wu, H., Li, Q., Bagchi, S., Dubendris, H., Link‐Gelles, R., et al. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7034e3 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Siegel, D. A., Reses, H. E., Cool, A. J., Shapiro, C. N., Hsu, J., Boehmer, T. K., Cornwell, C. R., Gray, E. B., Henley, S. J., Lochner, K., et al. (2021) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7036e1 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Wallace, M. M., Woodworth, K. R., Gargano, J. W., Scobie, H. M., Blain, A. E., Moulia, D., Chamberland, M. E., Reisman, N., Hadler, S. C., MacNeil, J. R., et al. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7020e1 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationHavers, F. P., WHITAKER, M. D., Self, J. L., Chai, S. J., Kirley, P. D., Alden, N. B., Kawasaki, B., Meek, J. I., Yousey-Hindes, K. M., Anderson, E. J., et al. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7023e1 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationMurthy, B. P., Zell, E. R., Saelee, R., Murthy, N. C., Meng, L. M., Meador, S. A., Reed, K., Shaw, L., Gibbs‐Scharf, L., McNaghten, A. D., et al. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7035e1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age
Walter, E. B., Talaat, K. R., Sabharwal, C., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Paulsen, G. C., Barnett, E. D., Muñoz, F. M., Maldonado, Y., Pahud, B. A., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2116298 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Bhimraj, A., Morgan, R. L., Shumaker, A. H., Baden, L. R., Cheng, V. C., Edwards, K. M., Gallagher, J. C., Gandhi, R. T., Muller, W. J., Nakamura, M., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac724 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Critical Covid-19 in Adolescents
Olson, S. M., Newhams, M. M., Halasa, N. B., Price, A. M., Boom, J. A., Sahni, L. C., Pannaraj, P. S., Irby, K., Walker, T. C., Schwartz, S. P., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2117995 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Marks, K. J., WHITAKER, M. D., Anglin, O., Milucky, J., Patel, K., Pham, H., Chai, S. J., Kirley, P. D., Armistead, I., McLafferty, S., et al. (2022) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7107e4 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children
Chou, J. S., Thomas, P. G., & Randolph, A. G. (2022) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-01123-9 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 6 to 11 Years of Age
Creech, C. B., Anderson, E. J., Berthaud, V., Yildirim, I. B., Atz, A. M., Baez, I. M., Finkelstein, D., Pickrell, P., Kirstein, J., Yut, C., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2203315 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, B., DeWitt, P. E., Russell, S., Anand, A., Bradwell, K. R., Bremer, C., Gabriel, D. L., Girvin, A. T., Hajagos, J., McMurry, J. A., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.43151 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Choi, J. H., Choi, S., & Yun, K. W. (2022) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e35 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Oliveira, J. M. D. D., Butini, L., Pauletto, P., Lehmkuhl, K. M., Stefani, C. M., Bolan, M., Guerra, E., Dick, B., De Luca Canto, G., & Massignan, C. (2022) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.12566 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Siegel, D. A., Reses, H. E., Cool, A. J., Shapiro, C. N., Hsu, J., Boehmer, T. K., Cornwell, C. R., Gray, E. B., Henley, S. J., Lochner, K., et al. (2021) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7036e1 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Children 6 Months to 5 Years of Age
Anderson, E. J., Creech, C. B., Berthaud, V., Piramzadian, A., Johnson, K. A., Zervos, M., Garner, F., Griffin, C., Palanpurwala, K., Turner, M. A., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2209367 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationShould children be vaccinated against COVID-19?
Zimmermann, P., Pittet, L. F., Finn, A. H. R., Pollard, A. J., & Curtis, N. C. (2021) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2021-323040 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 infections in children: Understanding diverse outcomes
Brodin, P. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.014 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Molloy, E. J., Nakra, N. A., Gale, C., Dimitriades, V. R., & Lakshminrusimha, S. (2022) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02263-w · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Wanga, V., Gerdes, M. E., Shi, D. S., Choudhary, R., Dulski, T. M., Hsu, S., Idubor, O. I., Webber, B. J., Wendel, A. M., Agathis, N. T., et al. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm705152a3 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Olson, S. M., Newhams, M. M., Halasa, N., Price, A. M., Boom, J. A., Sahni, L. C., Irby, K., Walker, T. C., Schwartz, S. P., Pannaraj, P. S., et al. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7042e1 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationTaylor, C. A., Patel, K., Pham, H., WHITAKER, M. D., Anglin, O., Kambhampati, A. K., Milucky, J., Chai, S. J., Kirley, P. D., Alden, N. B., et al. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7043e1 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationPowell, A. A., Kirsebom, F. C. M., Stowe, J., Ramsay, M. E., Bernal, J. L., Andrews, N. J., & Ladhani, S. N. (2022) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00729-0 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Omicron variant: Current insights and future directions
Rana, R., Kant, R., Huirem, R. S., Bohra, D., & Ganguly, N. K. (2022) · Microbiological Research · doi:10.1016/j.micres.2022.127204 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Khemiri, H., Ayouni, K., Triki, H., & Boubaker, S. (2022) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-022-01873-4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Missed and Delayed Preventive Health Care Visits Among US Children Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Lebrun-Harris, L. A., Sappenfield, O. R., & Warren, M. D. (2022) · Public Health Reports® · doi:10.1177/00333549211061322 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Naeimi, R., Sepidarkish, M., Mollalo, A., Parsa, H., Mahjour, S., Safarpour, F., Almukhtar, M., Mechaal, A., Chemaitelly, H. S., Sartip, B., et al. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101786 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and implications for vaccination
Nathanielsz, J., Toh, Z. Q., Do, L. A. H., Mulholland, K., & Licciardi, P. V. (2022) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02254-x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Rowntree, L. C., Nguyen, T. H. O., Kedzierski, Ł., Neeland, M. R., Petersen, J., Crawford, J. C., Allen, L. F., Clemens, E. B., Chua, B. Y. L., McQuilten, H. A., et al. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.003 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Middleman, A. B., Klein, J. K., & Quinn, J. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10010004 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
COVID-19 and pregnancy: clinical outcomes; mechanisms, and vaccine efficacy
Kumar, D., Verma, S., & Mysorekar, I. U. (2022) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.007 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Illness Characteristics of COVID-19 in Children Infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant
Molteni, E., Sudre, C. H., Canas, L. S., Bhopal, S., Hughes, R. C., Chen, L., Deng, J., Murray, B. A. K., Kerfoot, E., Antonelli, M., et al. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9050652 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Delahoy, M. J., Ujamaa, D., Taylor, C. A., Cummings, C. N., Anglin, O., Holstein, R. A., Milucky, J., O’Halloran, A. C., Patel, K., Pham, H., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac388 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationParents’ Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children With COVID-19 Vaccine: Results of a Survey in Italy
Giuseppe, G. D., Pelullo, C. P., Volgare, A. S., Napolitano, F., & Pavía, M. (2022) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.01.003 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Almalki, O. S., Alfayez, O. M., Yami, M. S. A., Asiri, Y. A., & Almohammed, O. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.842862 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2–Positive Youths Tested in Emergency Departments
Funk, A. L., Florin, T. A., Kuppermann, N., Tancredi, D. J., Xie, J., Kim, K., Neuman, M. I., Ambroggio, L., Plint, A. C., Mintegi, S., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.42322 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ellithorpe, M. E., Aladé, F., Adams, R. B., & Nowak, G. J. (2022) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.052 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Neonatal COVID-19 in the United States
Devin, J. E., Marano, R., Mikhael, M., Feaster, W. W., Sanger, T. D., & Ehwerhemuepha, L. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-056297 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Gray, A., & Fisher, C. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.844310 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Vaccinating adolescents against SARS-CoV-2 in England: a risk–benefit analysis
Gurdasani, D., Bhatt, S., Costello, A. M. D. L., Denaxas, S., Flaxman, S. R., Greenhalgh, T., Griffin, S. D. C., Hyde, Z., Katzourakis, A., McKee, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/01410768211052589 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
COVID-19 Infection in Children and Infants: Current Status on Therapies and Vaccines
Malcangi, G., Inchingolo, A. D., Inchingolo, A. M., Piras, F., Settanni, V., Garofoli, G., Palmieri, G., Ceci, S., Patano, A., Mancini, A., et al. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9020249 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination elicits robust antibody responses in children
Bartsch, Y. C., Denis, K. S., Kapłonek, P., Kang, J., Lam, E. C., Burns, M. D., Farkas, E. J., Davis, J. P., Boribong, B. P., Edlow, A. G., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abn9237 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cohen, L., Spiro, D. J., & Viboud, C. G. (2022) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010591 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Household Transmission and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infections
McLean, H. Q., Grijalva, C. G., Hanson, K. E., Zhu, Y., Deyoe, J. E., Meece, J. K., Halasa, N., Chappell, J. D., Mellis, A. M., Reed, C., et al. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2021-054178 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationByrne, A. E., Thompson, L. A., Filipp, S. L., & Ryan, K. (2022) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.090 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Severe COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in Children and Adolescents
Blatz, A. M., & Randolph, A. G. (2022) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2022.01.005 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Enoxaparin Thromboprophylaxis in Children Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Phase 2 Trial
Sochet, A. A., Morrison, J. M., Jaffray, J., Godiwala, N., Wilson, H. P., Thornburg, C. D., Bhat, R. V., Zia, A. N., Lawrence, C. E., Kudchadkar, S. R., et al. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-056726 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Quintero, A., Eisner, M., Sayegh, R., Wright, T., Ramilo, O., Leber, A. L., Wang, H., & Mejías, A. (2022) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2811.220577 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Feleszko, W., Okarska‐Napierała, M., Buddingh, E. P., Bloomfield, M., Šedivá, A., Bautista-Rodríguez, C., Brough, H. A., Eigenmann, P., Eiwegger, T., Eljaszewicz, A., et al. (2023) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/pai.13900 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Campbell, J. I., Dubois, M. M., Savage, T. J., Hood-Pishchany, M. I., Sharma, T. S., Petty, C. R., Lamb, G. S., & Nakamura, M. (2022) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.02.048 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Druzak, S., Iffrig, E., Roberts, B. R., Zhang, T., Fibben, K. S., Sakurai, Y., Verkerke, H., Rostad, C. A., Chahroudi, A., Schneider, D., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37269-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalysis of Critical COVID-19 Cases Among Children in Korea
Lee, H., Choi, S.-J., Park, J. Y., Jo, D. S., Choi, U. Y., Lee, H., Jung, Y. T., Chung, I. H., Choe, Y. J., Kim, J. Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e13 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Szarpak, L., Pruc, M., Filipiak, K. J., Popieluch, J., Bielski, A., Jaguszewski, M. J., Gilis-Malinowska, N., Chirico, F., Rafique, Z., & Peacock, F. W. (2021) · Cardiology Journal · doi:10.5603/cj.a2021.0155 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Variation of SARS-CoV-2 and Advanced Research on Current Vaccines
Jiang, Y., Wu, Q. Y., Song, P., & You, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.806641 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Assessment of Clinical Effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in US Adolescents
Oliveira, C. R., Niccolai, L. M., Sheikha, H., Elmansy, L., Kalinich, C. C., Grubaugh, N. D., Shapiro, E. D., Initiative, Y. S.-C.-2. G. S., Billig, K., Breban, M. I., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0935 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Nguyen, K. H., Nguyen, K., Geddes, M., Allen, J. D., & Corlin, L. (2022) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2022.2045034 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Chambers, M. A., Mecham, C., Arreola, E. V., & Sinha, M. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.02.005 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
COVID-19 in Children with Cancer
Kahn, A. R., Schwalm, C. M., Wolfson, J. A., Levine, J. M., & Johnston, E. E. (2022) · Current Oncology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11912-022-01207-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Edward, P. R., Lorenzo-Redondo, R., Reyna, M. E., Simons, L. M., Hultquist, J. F., Patel, A. B., Ozer, E. A., Muller, W. J., Heald-Sargent, T. A., McHugh, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · doi:10.1093/jpids/piac068 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kalyanaraman, M., & Anderson, M. R. (2022) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2022.01.013 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Parents' perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination as the new routine for their children ≤ 11 years old
Humble, R. M., Sell, H., Wilson, S. E., Sadarangani, M., Bettinger, J. A., Meyer, S. B., Dubé, È., Lemaire‐Paquette, S., Gagneur, A., & MacDonald, S. E. (2022) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107125 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Couture, A., Lyons, B. C., Mehrotra, M., Sosa, L. E., Ezike, N. O., Ahmed, F. S., Brown, C., Yendell, S. J., Azzam, I. A., Katić, B., et al. (2022) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac044 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationGao, P., Cai, S., Liu, Q., Du, M., Liu, J., & Liu, M. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10030421 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Goulding, M., Ryan, G. W., Minkah, P. A., Borg, A., Gonzalez, M., Medina, N., Suprenant, P., Rosal, M. C., & Lemon, S. C. (2022) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2120721 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Borchering, R. K., Mullany, L. C., Howerton, E., Chinazzi, M., Smith, C. P., Qin, M., Reich, N. G., Contamin, L., Levander, J. D., Kerr, J., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100398 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Encinosa, W. E., Moon, K., Figueroa, J., & Youssef, E. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.44975 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Fisman, D. N., & Tuite, A. R. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac174 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bramante, C. T., Proper, J. L., Boulware, D. R., Karger, A. B., Murray, T. A., Rao, V., Hagen, A. A., Tignanelli, C. J., Puskarich, M. A., Cohen, K., et al. (2022) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac066 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Giardina, J., Bilinski, A., Fitzpatrick, M. C., Kendall, E. A., Linas, B. P., Salomon, J. A., & Ciaranello, A. L. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47827 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Neonates following Maternal SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Infection
Lakshminrusimha, S., Hudak, M. L., Dimitriades, V. R., & Higgins, R. D. (2021) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/a-1682-3075 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Govender, K., Nyamaruze, P., McKerrow, N., Meyer‐Weitz, A., & Cowden, R. G. (2022) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007839 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pathology findings in pediatric patients with COVID-19 and kidney dysfunction
Nomura, E., Finn, L. S., Bauer, A., Rozansky, D. J., Iragorri, S., Jenkins, R. D., Al-Uzri, A. Y., Richardson, K. L., Wright, M., Kung, V. L., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-022-05457-w · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zachariah, P. (2021) · Infectious Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.idc.2021.11.002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Babu, T. M., Feldstein, L. R., Saydah, S., Acker, Z., Boisvert, C. L., Briggs‐Hagen, M., Carone, M., Casto, A. M., Cox, S. N., Ehmen, B., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071446 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Update on COVID‐19 vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients
Dulek, D. E., Ardura, M. I., Green, M., Michaels, M. G., Chaudhuri, A., Vásquez, L., Danziger‐Isakov, L. A., Posfay-Barbe, K. M., McCulloch, M., L’Huillier, A. G., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Transplantation · doi:10.1111/petr.14235 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among children less than 12 years of age in the United States
Fusco, M. D., Vaghela, S., Moran, M. M., Lin, J., Atwell, J. E., Malhotra, D., Sforzolini, T. S., Cane, A. D., Nguyen, J. L., & McGrath, L. J. (2022) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2022.2046401 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Gupta, S. L., Mantus, G. E., Manning, K. E., Ellis, M. L., Patel, M., Ciric, C. R., Lu, A., Turner, J. S., O’Halloran, J. A., Presti, R. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00582-22 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationHaşlak, F., Gunalp, A., & Kasapçopur, Ö. (2022) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/bor.0000000000000910 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Assessing the risk of vaccine-driven virulence evolution in SARS-CoV-2
Miller, I. F., & Metcalf, C. J. E. (2022) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.211021 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Seery, V., Raiden, S., Russo, C., Borda, M., Herrera, L., Uranga, M., Varese, A., del Pont, M. M., Chirino, C., Erramuspe, C., et al. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104230 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Borchering, R. K., Mullany, L. C., Howerton, E., Chinazzi, M., Smith, C. P., Qin, M., Reich, N. G., Contamin, L., Levander, J. D., Kerr, J., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.03.08.22271905 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Puga-Gómez, R., Ricardo-Delgado, Y., Iriarte, C. R., Céspedes-Henriquez, L., Piedra-Bello, M., Mendoza, D. L. V., Pérez, N. P., Paredes-Moreno, B., Rodríguez-González, M., Valenzuela‐Silva, C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.016 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Parental compliance and reasons for COVID-19 Vaccination among American children
Sehgal, N. K. R., Rader, B. M., Gertz, A., Astley, C. M., & Brownstein, J. S. (2023) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000147 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sassa, C. T., Iwasaki, Y., Ichimura, N., Nagano, K., Takatsuki, Y., Yuasa, S., Takahashi, Y., Nakajima, J., Sonobe, K., Nukui, Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.27479 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Rudan, I., Adeloye, D., Katikireddi, S. V., Murray, J., Simpson, C. R., Shah, S. A., Robertson, C., & Sheikh, A. (2021) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.11.01010 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ikuse, T., Aizawa, Y., Yamanaka, T., Hasegawa, S., Hayashi, T., Kon, M., Tamura, T., & Saitoh, A. (2023) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000003894 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Risk factors for severe PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children
Schober, T., Caya, C., Barton, M., Bayliss, A., Bitnun, A., Bowes, J., Brenes-Chacón, H., Bullard, J., Cooke, S., Dewan, T., et al. (2022) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001440 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Yan, V. K. C., Cheng, F. W. T., Chui, C. S. L., Lai, F. T. T., Wong, C. K. H., Li, X., Wan, E. Y. F., Wong, J. S. C., Chan, E. W., Wong, I. C. K., et al. (2023) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2023.2185455 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tsai, H., Lin, C., Lin, I.-T., Yeh, C., & Shan, Y. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/44538 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Adolescent COVID-19 Vaccine Decision-Making among Parents in Southern California
Hopfer, S., Fields, E. J., Ramirez, M., Long, S. N., Huszti, H. C., Gombosev, A., Boden-Albala, B. M., Sorkin, D. H., & Cooper, D. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19074212 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Booster Effects Are Seen in Human Milk Antibody Response
Bender, J. M., Lee, Y., Cheng, W. A., Ruiz, C. J. M., & Pannaraj, P. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.898849 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Efendi, D., Rifani, S. R., Milanti, A., Efendi, F., Wong, C. L., Rustina, Y., Wanda, D., Sari, D. R., Fabanjo, I. J., Fretes, E. D. D., et al. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10091489 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Paediatric COVID-19 mortality: a database analysis of the impact of health resource disparity
Marwali, E. M., Kekalih, A., Yuliarto, S., Wati, D. K., Rayhan, M., Valerie, I. C., Cho, H. J., Jassat, W., Blumberg, L. H., Masha, M., et al. (2022) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001657 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections in Children
Chow, E. J., & Englund, J. A. (2022) · Infectious Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.idc.2022.01.005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Factors Associated With Severe Illness in Patients Aged <21 Years Hospitalized for COVID-19
Choudhary, R., Webber, B. J., Womack, L. S., Dupont, H., Chiu, S. K., Wanga, V., Gerdes, M. E., Hsu, S., Shi, D. S., Dulski, T. M., et al. (2022) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2022-006613 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Comprehensive antibody profiling of mRNA vaccination in childrenPreprint
Bartsch, Y. C., Denis, K. S., Kapłonek, P., Kang, J., Lam, E. C., Burns, M. D., Farkas, E. J., Davis, J. P., Boribong, B. P., Edlow, A. G., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.10.07.463592 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nasiri, K., Tehrani, S., Mohammadikhah, M., Banakar, M., Alaeddini, M., Etemad‐Moghadam, S., Fernandes, G. V. O., Heboyan, A. G., Imannezhad, S., & Abbasi, F. (2023) · Clinical and Experimental Dental Research · doi:10.1002/cre2.776 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Obesity as a mortality risk factor in the medical ward: a case control study
Soffer, S., Zimlichman, E., Glicksberg, B. S., Efros, O., Levin, M. A., Freeman, R., Reich, D. L., & Klang, E. (2022) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-021-00912-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bhatt, N. S., Sharma, A., Martin, A. S., Abid, M. B., Brown, V. I., Díaz, M. Á., Frangoul, H., Gadalla, S. M., Herr, M. M., Krem, M. M., et al. (2022) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2022.06.026 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kulkarni, D., Ismail, N. F., Zhu, F., Wang, X., Morales, G. D. C., Srivastava, A. K., Allen, K. E., Spinardi, J., Rahman, A. E., Kyaw, M. H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.14.05003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Considerations for the Safe Operation of Schools During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Lordan, R., Prior, S., Hennessy, E. J., Naik, A. S., Ghosh, S., Paschos, G. K., Skarke, C., Barekat, K., Hollingsworth, T., Juska, S. A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.751451 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework Applied to Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19
Högberg, H. T., Lam, A., Ohayon, E. L., Shahbaz, M. A., Clerbaux, L., Bal‐Price, A., Coecke, S., Concha, R., Bernardi, F., Edrosa, E., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11213411 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The effects of Covid-19 mRNA vaccine on adolescence gynecological well-being
Sasson, A. M., Haas, J., Sivan, M., Zehori, Y., Hemi, R., Orvieto, R., Afek, A. B., & Rabinovici, J. (2023) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-023-06981-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Examining the associations between COVID-19 infection and pediatric type 1 diabetes
Bombaci, B., Passanisi, S., Sorrenti, L., Salzano, G., & Lombardo, F. (2023) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1080/1744666x.2023.2189587 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Deshmukh, H. S., Whitsett, J. A., Zacharias, W. J., Way, S. S., Martinez, F. D., Mizgerd, J. P., Pryhuber, G., Ambalavanan, N., Bacharier, L. B., Natarajan, A. R., et al. (2024) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.27357 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Delahoy, M. J., Ujamaa, D., Whitaker, M., O'Halloran, A., Anglin, O., Burns, E., Cummings, C., Holstein, R., Kambhampati, A. K., Milucky, J., Patel, K., Pham, H., Taylor, C. A., Chai, S. J., Reingold, A., Alden, N. B., Kawasaki, B., Meek, J., Yousey-Hindes, K., Anderson, E. J., Openo, K. P., Teno, K., Weigel, A., Kim, S., Leegwater, L., Bye, E., Como-Sabetti, K., Ropp, S., Rudin, D., Muse, A., Spina, N., Bennett, N. M., Popham, K., Billing, L. M., Shiltz, E., Sutton, M., Thomas, A., Schaffner, W., Talbot, H. K., Crossland, M. T., McCaffrey, K., Hall, A. J., Fry, A. M., McMorrow, M., Reed, C., Garg, S., Havers, F. P., COVID-NET Surveillance Team, COVID-NET Surveillance Team, Kirley, P. D., McLafferty, S., Armistead, I., Fawcett, E., Ward, K., Lynfield, R., Danila, R., Khanlian, S., Angeles, K., Engesser, K., Rowe, A., Felsen, C., Bushey, S., Abdullah, N., West, N., Markus, T., Hill, M., & George, A.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- General Dynamics (United States) (US)
- Georgia Department of Public Health (US)
- Minnesota Department of Health (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (US)
- New Mexico Department of Health (US)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- New York State Department of Health (US)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Ohio Department of Health (US)
- Oregon Health Authority (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Utah Department of Health (US)
- Atlanta VA Medical Center (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Delahoy, Miranda J.
- ORCID
- Delahoy, Miranda J.
- Whitaker, Michael
- Holstein, Rachel
- Kambhampati, Anita K.
- Milucky, Jennifer
- Pham, Huong
- Taylor, Christopher A.
- Chai, Shua J.
- Alden, Nisha B.
- Kawasaki, Breanna
- Meek, James
- Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly
- Anderson, Evan J.
- Openo, Kyle P.
- Kim, Sue
- Leegwater, Lauren
- Bennett, Nancy M.
- Sutton, Melissa
- Thomas, Ann
- Schaffner, William
- Talbot, H. Keipp
- Hall, Aron J.
- Fry, Alicia M.
- McMorrow, Meredith
- Reed, Carrie
- Garg, Shikha
- Havers, Fiona P.
- Lynfield, Ruth
- Engesser, Kerianne
- Felsen, Christina
- Markus, Tiffanie
- Hill, Mary
- Venue
- MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- Published
- 2021-09-10
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 36
- Pages
- 1255-1260
- ISSN
- 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-861X
- PMC
- PMC8437052
- OpenAlex
- W3197266611
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 34
- FWCI
- 20.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Pfizer
- Sanofi
- New York State Department of Health
- Minnesota Department of Health
- Yale University
- Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists
- Vanderbilt University
- Utah Department of Health
- Emory University
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
- University of Rochester
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services
- Ohio Department of Health
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Moderna
- National Institutes of Health (COVID-19)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- School of Medicine, Emory University
- Medical Center, University of Rochester
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalization, children, adolescents, pediatric COVID-19, COVID-NET, SARS-CoV-2
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Vaccination
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
