The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mixed dementia: A review of the evidence
Open accessAbstract
ABSTRACT. Mixed dementia is the coexistence of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in the same demented patient. Currently, its diagnosis and treatment remains a challenge for practitioners. To provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, natural history, diagnosis, and therapy of Mixed Vascular-Alzheimer Dementia (MVAD). The literature was reviewed for articles published between 1990-2016 by using the keywords linked to MVAD. Neuropathological studies indicate that MVAD is a very common pathological finding in the elderly with a prevalence about of 22%. The distinction between Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia (VD) is complex because their clinical presentation can overlap. There are international criteria for the MVAD diagnosis. The pharmacologic therapy shows modest clinical benefits that are similar among all drugs used in patients with Alzheimer's dementia and VD. The non-pharmacologic therapy includes the rigorous management of cardiovascular risk factors (especially hypertension) and the promotion of a healthy diet. The diagnosis and treatment of MVAD cannot be improved without further studies. Currently available medications provide only modest clinical benefits once a patient has developed MVAD. In subjects at risk, the antihypertensive therapy and healthy diet should be recommend for preventing or slowing the progression of MVAD.
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“Emerging therapies, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with language therapy, show some promise for improving word retrieval in lvPPA.53”
From A 2025 update on treatment strategies for the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
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Tarafdar, A., & Pula, G. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19123824 · Cited by 373
Govindpani, K., McNamara, L. G., Smith, N. R., Vinnakota, C., Waldvogel, H. J., Faull, R. L. M., & Kwakowsky, A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8050651 · Cited by 281
“Indeed, it has been suggested that the majority of older patients present with a mixed-dementia with characteristics of both conditions [18].”
BackgroundInfluentialDiagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease: A state-of-the-art review
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Machine Learning for Dementia Prediction: A Systematic Review and Future Research Directions
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“AD and VaD dementia are the two subtypes that are most common in MD [28].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Custodio, N., Montesinos, R., Lira, D., Herrera-Pérez, E., Bardales, Y., & Valeriano-Lorenzo, L.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias (PE)
- Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Perú; Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Perú; GESID, Peru
- Corresponding author
- Custodio, Nilton
- Venue
- Dementia & Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 364-370
- ISSN
- 1980-5764 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5769994
- OpenAlex
- W2784098514
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 7.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Dementia & Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, vascular dementia, dementia diagnosis, dementia pathogenesis, dementia epidemiology, natural history of dementia, pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological treatment, cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, healthy eating, dementia prevention
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