Cited by 152Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeurological Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

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Mixed dementia: A review of the evidence

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Custodio, Nilton, Montesinos, Rosa, Lira, David, Herrera-Pérez, Eder, Bardales, Yadira, Valeriano-Lorenzo, Lucía·2017·Dementia & Neuropsychologia

DOI 10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-040005PMC PMC5769994

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Abstract

ABSTRACT. Mixed dementia is the coexistence of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in the same demented patient. Currently, its diagnosis and treatment remains a challenge for practitioners. To provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, natural history, diagnosis, and therapy of Mixed Vascular-Alzheimer Dementia (MVAD). The literature was reviewed for articles published between 1990-2016 by using the keywords linked to MVAD. Neuropathological studies indicate that MVAD is a very common pathological finding in the elderly with a prevalence about of 22%. The distinction between Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia (VD) is complex because their clinical presentation can overlap. There are international criteria for the MVAD diagnosis. The pharmacologic therapy shows modest clinical benefits that are similar among all drugs used in patients with Alzheimer's dementia and VD. The non-pharmacologic therapy includes the rigorous management of cardiovascular risk factors (especially hypertension) and the promotion of a healthy diet. The diagnosis and treatment of MVAD cannot be improved without further studies. Currently available medications provide only modest clinical benefits once a patient has developed MVAD. In subjects at risk, the antihypertensive therapy and healthy diet should be recommend for preventing or slowing the progression of MVAD.

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BackgroundInfluential
Diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease: A state-of-the-art review
Khoury, R., & Ghossoub, E. (2019) · Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.bionps.2019.100005 · Cited by 200
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Javeed, A., Dallora, A. L., Berglund, J. S., Ali, A., Ali, L., & Anderberg, P. (2023) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-023-01906-7 · Cited by 211
“AD and VaD dementia are the two subtypes that are most common in MD [28].”
Background
Sex differences in dementia risk and risk factors: individual-participant data analysis using 21 cohorts across six continents from the COSMIC consortium
Gong, J., Harris, K., Lipnicki, D. M., Castro‐Costa, E., Lima‐Costa, M. F., Diniz, B. S., Xiao, S., Lipton, R. B., Katz, M. J., Wang, C., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12962 · Cited by 141

See all 152

Authors: Custodio, N., Montesinos, R., Lira, D., Herrera-Pérez, E., Bardales, Y., & Valeriano-Lorenzo, L.
Affiliations: Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias (PE)
Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Perú; Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Perú; GESID, Peru
Corresponding author: Custodio, Nilton
ORCID: Custodio, Nilton
Montesinos, Rosa
Lira, David
Venue: Dementia & Neuropsychologia
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Published: 2017-12
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Pages: 364-370
ISSN: 1980-5764 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-040005
PMC: PMC5769994
OpenAlex: W2784098514
Cited by: 148
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7
FWCI: 7.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Dementia & Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, vascular dementia, dementia diagnosis, dementia pathogenesis, dementia epidemiology, natural history of dementia, pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological treatment, cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, healthy eating, dementia prevention

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Mixed dementia: A review of the evidence

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