Association between antiretrovirals and thyroid diseases: a cross-sectional study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of thyroid diseases and anti-TPO status. We searched for an association among presence of immune reconstitution and use of stavudine, didanosine and protease inhibitors with thyroid diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed to analyze the records of 117 HIV-infected patients who had their CD4+ cell count, viral load, anti-TPO, TSH and free T4 levels collected on the same day. Immune reconstitution was considered in those whose T CD4+ count was below 200 cells/mm3, but these values increased above 200 cells/mm3 after the use of antiretrovirals. The odds ratio obtained by a 2x2 contingency table and a chi-square test were used to measure the association between categorical variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of thyroid disease was 34.18%; of these, 4.34% were positive for anti-TPO. There was an association of risk between stavudine use and subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.29 to 13.59, X2 = 6.37, p = 0.01). Immune reconstitution achieved protection associated with thyroid disease that was near statistical significance OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.04, X2 = 3.55, p = 0.059. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of thyroid disease in the sample studied was higher than what had been found in the literature, with a low positive anti-TPO frequency. The historical use of stavudine has an association of risk for the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism, and immune reconstitution has trends towards protection for the presence of thyroid diseases.
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The higher thyroid dysfunction prevalence among HIV-infected adults could be partially attributed to non-thyroidal or pituitary disease.
“however, it could be partially attributed to non-thyroidal or pituitary disease”
From 2019 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Thyroid Dysfunction following Immune Reconstitution Therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [55]
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- Authors
- Silva, G. A. R. D., Andrade, M. C. T., Sugui, D. D. A. S., Nunes, R. F., Pinto, J. F. D. C., Silva, W. D. A. E., Ferry, F. R. D. A., Azevedo, M. C. V. M. D., & Motta, R. N.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 116-122
- ISSN
- 2359-3997 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134918190
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Keywords
- antiretroviral drugs, thyroid dysfunction, HIV infection, immune reconstitution, stavudine, didanosine, protease inhibitors, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, subclinical hypothyroidism, CD4 count, drug-induced thyroid dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adult, Autoantibodies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Iodide Peroxidase, Male, Thyroid Diseases, Prevalence, Didanosine, Stavudine, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Asymptomatic Diseases
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