Study on the developmental toxicity of a standardized extract of in rats Orthosiphon stamineus
Open accessAbstract
Infusions of Orthosiphon stamineusBenth., Lamiaceae, leaves are widely used in Southeastern Asia to treat different illnesses. Nonetheless, no data is available on the safety of O. stamineusfor pregnant women and their babies. This study was undertaken to evaluate the developmental toxicity of O. stamineusstandardized aqueous extract in female Sprague Dawley rats (n=21) at 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day, by gavage on gestation days 6-20. Clinical signs of maternal toxicity, body weight gain, and food and water consumption were recorded. Caesarean sections were performed on gestation day 21; resorptions and living and dead fetuses were counted. Fetuses were weighed and examined for external abnormalities. Half of the fetuses from each litter were cleared and stained with Alizarin red S for skeleton evaluation. O. stamineusstandardized aqueous extract did not alter pregnancy body weight gain and food and water consumption and caused no other sign of maternal toxicity. Embryolethality and prenatal growth retardation were not observed either. O. stamineusstandardized aqueous extract increased a few skeleton variations and a skull bone malformation (hyoid bone absent) in a non-dose dependent manner. Anogenital distance was increased in male and female fetuses exposed to the highest O. stamineusstandardized aqueous extract dose, an indication that the extract could possibly contain androgenic compounds.
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The highest dose of Orthosiphon stamineus in the developmental toxicity study increased anogenital distance due to possible androgenic effect.
“The highest dose did increase anogenital distance due to possible androgenic effect [52].”
From Evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herbal Products for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
In a developmental toxicity study of Orthosiphon stamineus, out of 4 doses tested (250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day), there were no clinical signs of maternal toxicity, weight gain, and prenatal growth retardation.
“A developmental toxicity study was conducted on Orthosiphon stamineus; out of the 4 doses (250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day) tested, there was no clinical signs of maternal toxicity, weight gain, and prenatal growth retardation.”
From Evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herbal Products for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Muhammad, H., Sulaiman, S. A., Ismail, Z., & Paumgartten, F. J. R.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Medical Research (MY)
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Muhammad, Hussin
- Venue
- Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 513-520
- ISSN
- 0102-695X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121106276
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
- Keywords
- Orthosiphon stamineus, developmental toxicity, maternal toxicity, fetal growth restriction, fetal skeletal abnormalities, anogenital distance, androgenic compounds, herbal medicine safety, pregnancy
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