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Press-pulse: a general theory of mass extinction?

Arens, Nan Crystal, West, Ian D.·2008·Paleobiology
DOI 10.1666/07034.1
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Abstract

Previous discussions of mass extinction mechanisms generally focused on circumstances unique to each event. However, some have proposed that extensive volcanism combined with bolide impact may offer a general mechanism of mass extinction. To test this hypothesis we compared generic extinction percentages for 73 stages or substages of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. We found that the highest frequency of intervals with elevated extinction occurred when continental flood basalt volcanism and bolide impact co-occurred. In contrast, neither volcanism nor impact alone yielded statistically elevated extinction frequencies. Although the magnitude of extinction was uncorrelated with the size of the associated flood basalt or impact structure, crater diameter did correlate with extinction percentage when volcanism and impact coincided. Despite this result, case-by-case analysis showed that the volcanism-impact hypothesis alone cannot explain all intervals of elevated extinction. Continental flood volcanism and impact share important ecological features with other proposed extinction mechanisms. Impacts, like marine anoxic incursions, are pulse disturbances that are sudden and catastrophic, and cause extensive mortality. Volcanism, like climate and sea level change, is a press disturbance that alters community composition by placing multi-generational stress on ecosystems. We propose that the coincidence of press and pulse events, not merely volcanism and impact, is required to produce the greatest episodes of dying in Phanerozoic history.

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Metadata

Authors
Arens, N. C., & West, I. D.
Venue
Paleobiology
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2008
Volume
34
Issue
4
Pages
456-471
ISSN
  • 0094-8373
  • 1938-5331
DOI
10.1666/07034.1
Cited by
119
References
5
Language
en
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 3020 d)

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Arens, N. C., & West, I. D. (2008). Press-pulse: a general theory of mass extinction? Paleobiology. https://doi.org/10.1666/07034.1