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Astronaut's Organ Doses Inferred from Measurements in a Human Phantom Outside the International Space Station
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Reitz, G., Berger, T., Bilski, P., Facius, R., Hajek, M., Petrov, V., Puchalska, M., Zhou, D., Bossler, J., Akatov, Y., Shurshakov, V., Olko, P., Ptaszkiewicz, M., Bergmann, R., Fugger, M., Vana, N., Beaujean, R., Burmeister, S., Bartlett, D., Hager, L., Pálfalvi, J., Szabó, J., O'Sullivan, D., Kitamura, H., Uchihori, Y., Yasuda, N., Nagamatsu, A., Tawara, H., Benton, E., Gaza, R., McKeever, S., Sawakuchi, G., Yukihara, E., Cucinotta, F., Semones, E., Zapp, N., Miller, J. and Dettmann, J. Astronaut's Organ Doses Inferred from Measurements in a Human Phantom Outside the International Space Station. Radiat. Res. 171, 225–235 (2009).Space radiation hazards are recognized as a key concern for human space flight. For long-term interplanetary missions, they constitute a potentially limiting factor since current protection limits for low-Earth orbit missions may be approached or even exceeded. In such a situation, an accurate risk assessment requires knowledge of equivalent doses in critical radiosensitive organs rather than only skin doses or ambient doses from area monitoring. To achieve this, the MATROSHKA experiment uses a human phantom torso equipped with dedicated detector systems. We measured for the first time the doses from the diverse components of ionizing space radiation at the surface and at different locations inside the phantom positioned outside the International Space Station, thereby simulating an extravehicular activity of an astronaut. The relationships between the skin and organ absorbed doses obtained in such an exposure show a steep gradient between the doses in the uppermost layer of the skin and the deep organs with a ratio close to 20. This decrease due to the body self-shielding and a concomitant increase of the radiation quality factor by 1.7 highlight the complexities of an adequate dosimetry of space radiation. The depth-dose distributions established by MATROSHKA serve as benchmarks for space radiation models and radiation transport calculations that are needed for mission planning.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reitz, G., Berger, T., Bilski, P., Facius, R., Hajek, M., Petrov, V., Puchalska, M., Zhou, D., Bossler, J., Akatov, Y., Shurshakov, V., Olko, P., Ptaszkiewicz, M., Bergmann, R., Fugger, M., Vana, N., Beaujean, R., Burmeister, S., Bartlett, D., Hager, L., Pálfalvi, J., Szabó, J., O'Sullivan, D., Kitamura, H., Uchihori, Y., Yasuda, N., Nagamatsu, A., Tawara, H., Benton, E., Gaza, R., McKeever, S., Sawakuchi, G., Yukihara, E., Cucinotta, F., Semones, E., Zapp, N., Miller, J., & Dettmann, J.
- Affiliations
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
- Institute of Biomedical Problems (RU)
- Universities Space Research Association (US)
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Institute for Atomic Energy Research (HU)
- Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies (IE)
- Institute for Radiological Science (JP)
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JP)
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (JP)
- Oklahoma State University (US)
- Johnson Space Center (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- European Space Agency (FR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Radiation Research
- Publisher
- Radiation Research Society
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 225-235
- ISSN
- 0033-7587 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-5404
- OpenAlex
- W2167899630
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 11.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- repo.qst.go.jp
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Radiation Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- elib (German Aerospace Center) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
- JAXA Repository (JAXA) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Space Agency
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Keywords
- space radiation, International Space Station, extravehicular activity, skin dose, depth dose distribution, radiation quality factor, radiative transfer, low Earth orbit, interplanetary missions
- MeSH terms
- Cosmic Radiation, Humans, Models, Anatomic, Space Flight
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