NASA Study of Cataract in Astronauts (NASCA). Report 1: Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship of Exposure to Space Radiation and Risk of Lens Opacity
Abstract
The NASA Study of Cataract in Astronauts (NASCA) is a 5-year longitudinal study of the effect of space radiation exposure on the severity/progression of nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular (PSC) lens opacities. Here we report on baseline data that will be used over the course of the longitudinal study. Participants include 171 consenting astronauts who flew at least one mission in space and a comparison group made up of three components: (a) 53 astronauts who had not flown in space, (b) 95 military aircrew personnel, and (c) 99 non-aircrew ground-based comparison subjects. Continuous measures of nuclear, cortical and PSC lens opacities were derived from Nidek EAS 1000 digitized images. Age, demographics, general health, nutritional intake and solar ocular exposure were measured at baseline. Astronauts who flew at least one mission were matched to comparison subjects using propensity scores based on demographic characteristics and medical history stratified by gender and smoking (ever/never). The cross-sectional data for matched subjects were analyzed by fitting customized non-normal regression models to examine the effect of space radiation on each measure of opacity. The variability and median of cortical cataracts were significantly higher for exposed astronauts than for nonexposed astronauts and comparison subjects with similar ages (P=0.015). Galactic cosmic space radiation (GCR) may be linked to increased PSC area (P=0.056) and the number of PSC centers (P=0.095)…
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Results of low GCR dose studies of cataract in astronauts suggest vision impairing opacities cannot be excluded from occurring within a long mission (>1 year) at higher lens GCR doses than past Apollo, Skylab and STS missions.
“Also, the results of low GCR dose studies of cataract in astronauts (Cucinotta et al., 2001;Chylack et al., 2009) suggest vision impairing opacities cannot be excluded from occurring within a long mission (> 1 year) at higher lens GCR doses than past Apollo, Skylab and STS missions.”
From A proposed change to astronaut exposures limits is a giant leap backwards for radiation protection (2021) · cites this paper as Chylack et al., 2009
A NASA study of cataracts and nutritional intake revealed that β carotene had a protective effect for some types of cataracts in astronauts.
“The data provided by a NASA study of cataracts and nutritional intake revealed that β carotene had a protective effect for some types of cataracts in astronauts151.”
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- Authors
- Chylack, L. T., Peterson, L. E., Feiveson, A. H., Wear, M. L., Manuel, F. K., Tung, W. H., Hardy, D. S., Marak, L. J., & Cucinotta, F. A.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Johnson Space Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chylack, Leo T.
- Venue
- Radiation Research
- Publisher
- Radiation Research Society
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-20
- ISSN
- 0033-7587 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-5404
- OpenAlex
- W2156865179
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Radiation Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Keywords
- cataract, space radiation, astronauts, lens opacity, cortical cataract, posterior subcapsular cataract, nuclear cataract, galactic cosmic rays, radiation dose, military aircrew, propensity score matching
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aircraft, Cataract, Cosmic Radiation, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Lens Capsule, Crystalline, Lens Cortex, Crystalline, Lens Nucleus, Crystalline, Lens, Crystalline, Male, Middle Aged, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Injuries, Space Flight, United States, Occupational Exposure, Astronauts, United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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