Taxonomic status of the specimens of Archaeopteryx
Abstract
(2003). Taxonomic status of the specimens of Archaeopteryx. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 961-965.
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Archaeopteryx skeletal measurements fit a tight regression, as in Confuciusornis, whereas Anchiornis specimens show greater variation in proportions.
“Archaeopteryx skeletal measurements also fit a tight regression [54, 55], as observed in Confuciusornis , whereas Anchiornis specimens do not plot close to the regression line indicating greater variation in proportions [6, 56].”
From The ecology of Archaeopteryx (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
Archaeopteryx had a protracted growth strategy.
“Archaeopteryx growth was protracted, as evident from the considerable size range of recovered specimens [1].”
From The ecology of Archaeopteryx (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
Houck et al. and Senter and Robins argued that differences in proportions in nearly all Archaeopteryx specimens are explained by allometric developmental scaling.
“Houck et al. [33] and Senter and Robins [48] argued that differences in proportions in nearly all specimens are explained by allometric developmental scaling.”
From Was Dinosaurian Physiology Inherited by Birds? Reconciling Slow Growth in Archaeopteryx (2009) · cites this paper as [48]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Smith, J. B., Vann, D. R., & Dodson, P. (2005) · Anatomical Record Part A-discoveries in Molecular Cellular and Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1002/ar.a.20206 · Cited by 229
Was Dinosaurian Physiology Inherited by Birds? Reconciling Slow Growth in Archaeopteryx
Erickson, G. M., Rauhut, O. W. M., Zhou, Z., Turner, A. H., Inouye, B. D., Hu, D., & Norell, M. A. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007390 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“However, Houck et al. [33] and Senter and Robins [48] argued that differences in proportions in nearly all specimens are explained by allometric developmental scaling.”
Pre‐modern Birds: Avian Divergences in the Mesozoic
O'Connor, J., Chiappe, L. M., & Bell, A. (2011) · Living Dinosaurs · doi:10.1002/9781119990475.ch3 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The tenth skeletal specimen of Archaeopteryx
MAYR, G., POHL, B., HARTMAN, S., & PETERS, D. S. (2007) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00245.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“Based on the amended data of Houck et al. (1990), Senter & Robins (2003) performed ‘major-axis regressions’ to evaluate the taxonomic status of known archaeopterygid specimens.”
BackgroundMethodResultA Well-Preserved <i>Archaeopteryx</i> Specimen with Theropod Features
Mayr, G., Pohl, B., & Peters, D. S. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1120331 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
A new look at the phylogeny of coelurosauria (Dlnosauria: Theropoda)
Senter, P. (2007) · Journal of Systematic Palaeontology · doi:10.1017/s1477201907002143 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationRauhut, O. W. M., Foth, C., & Tischlinger, H. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.4191 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Smith, J. B. (2005) · doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0865:hitrif]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 95
“In the absence of this and in the absence of data for proven juvenile teeth for T. rex, discussions of ontogenetic change in its dentition are premature (e.g., Senter and Robins, 2003).”
BackgroundScapular orientation in theropods and basal birds, and the origin of flapping flight
Senter, P. (2006) · Zenodo · doi:10.5281/zenodo.13644023 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationRe-evaluation of the Haarlem Archaeopteryx and the radiation of maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs
Foth, C., & Rauhut, O. W. M. (2017) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1076-y · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Pu, H.-Y., Chang, H.-L., Lu, J.-C., Wu, Y.-H., Xu, L., Zhang, J.-M., & Jia, S.-H. (2013) · Paleontological Research · doi:10.2517/1342-8144-17.1.27 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Some scholars regard proportional differences among Archaeopteryx specimens as insufficient evidence for taxonomic subdivision of the genus (Houck et al., 1990; Senter and Robins, 2003).”
BackgroundCladistics and the Origin of Birds: A Review and Two New Analyses
James, F. C., & Pourtless, J. A. (2010) · Ornithological Monographs · doi:10.1525/om.2009.66.1.1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“…Barsbold and Osmólska (1999) Yanornis Ornithurae Zhou and Zhang (2001) a we regard Archaeopteryx to be monospecific, following houck et al. (1990), Senter and robins (2003), and Bennett (2008), as opposed to elzanowski (2002), Mayr et al. (2005, 2007), and Christiansen (2006). b Peyer (2006) came…”
BackgroundAlierasaurus ronchii, gen. et sp. nov., A Caseid from the Permian of Sardinia, Italy
Romano, M., & Nicosia, U. (2014) · doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.837056 · Cited by 25
“…low, informative morphometric studies have been performed successfully on smaller sample sizes than that used in the present work (four specimens in Senter and Robins, 2003; five in Motani and You, 1998; seven in Caldwell et al., 1995; eight in Forster, 1996b; Hanke et al., 2001; and Reynoso and…”
Xu, X., & Pol, D. (2014) · Journal of Systematic Palaeontology · doi:10.1080/14772019.2013.764357 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Marugán-Lobón, J., Chiappe, L. M., Ji, S., Zhou, Z., Chunling, G., Hu, D., & Meng, Q. (2011) · Journal of Systematic Palaeontology · doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.517786 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Species-level multivariate analyses of morphometric datasets have proven useful for assessing a range of life history phenomena in both extinct and extant organisms (Dodson 1976; Chapman et al. 1981; Houck et al. 1990; Ranta et al. 1994; Senter & Robins 2003).”
BackgroundEvidence corroborates identity of isolated fossil feather as a wing covert of Archaeopteryx
Carney, R. M., Tischlinger, H., & Shawkey, M. D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65336-y · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The atlas rib inArchaeopteryxand its evolutionary implications
Tsuihiji, T. (2017) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1342093 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Due to the fact that the species-level taxonomy of Archaeopteryx has been debated (e.g., Elzanowski, 2002; Senter and Robins, 2003), this specimen is here regarded merely as Archaeopteryx sp.”
BackgroundBennett, S. (2008) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[535:oaa]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In fact, Christiansen (2006) is incorrect in that I did not make those assumptions in my analyses, and my reading of the papers of Houck et al. (1990) and Senter and Robins (2003) indicates that they did not either.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEvaluating variation in Solnhofen avialans
O’Connor, J., & Marugán-Lobón, J. (2026) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2025.0601 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
ALLOMETRY IN PHYLOGENY AND ARCHAEOPTERYX
Christiansen, P. (2006) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[480:aipaa]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The proportions of the appendicular skeleton were chosen for study, as in Houck et al. (1989), Bennett (1996), and Senter and Robins (2003).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMotta, M. J., & Novas, F. E. (2025) · Historical Biology · doi:10.1080/08912963.2025.2537843 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
O’Connor, J. K., & Clark, A. D. (2026) · Discover Ecology · doi:10.1007/s44396-026-00026-z
Crossed tracks: Mesolimulus, Archaeopteryx, and the nature of fossils
Finkelman, L. (2019) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-019-9680-4
“For this reason, paleozoologists recognize the taxon upon which the fossil was built, A. lithographica, as a biotaxon (von Meyer 1861; Senter and Robins 2003; Foth and Rauhut 2017; Rauhut et al.”
BackgroundConsiderations on the taxonomy of Late Jurassic Avialae (Theropoda) from the Solnhofen Archipelago
Foth, C., & Rauhut, O. W. M. (2026) · Fossil record · doi:10.3897/fr.29.200245
“Thus, Houck et al. (1990) and Senter and Robins (2003) presented major-axis regressions of various proportions and concluded that all specimens can be shown to follow the same allometric scaling of the variables compared.”
InfluentialIbrahim, N., & Kutschera, U. (2013) · Theory in biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12064-013-0192-5
“lithographica by some authors (Houck et al. 1990; Senter and Robins 2003), while others distinguish two or more species (Mayr et al.”
Background
- Authors
- Senter, P., & Robins, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Northern Illinois University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-12-24
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 961-965
- ISSN
- 0272-4634 (ISSN-L)
- 1937-2809
- DOI
- 10.1671/22
- OpenAlex
- W2060157413
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Keywords
- Archaeopteryx, taxonomic status, fossil specimen, feathered dinosaurs, avian evolution, phylogenetic relationships
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