Scapular orientation in theropods and basal birds, and the origin of flapping flight

Senter, Phil

doi:10.5281/zenodo.13644023

Cited by 72Paleontology and Evolutionary BiologyEvolution and Paleontology StudiesFossil Insects in Amber

Scapular orientation in theropods and basal birds, and the origin of flapping flight

Open access

Senter, Phil·2006·Zenodo

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.13644023

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Senter, Phil (2006): Scapular orientation in theropods and basal birds, and the origin of flapping flight. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (2): 305-313, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13644024

Integrity signals

Registry

DataCite · 10.5281/zenodo.13644023

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Earlier conclusions that Archaeopteryx was capable of active flight have not received universal support, largely because three skeletomorphological conditions considered essential for a functional avian flight stroke were not yet present in Archaeopteryx.
“Earlier conclusions that Archaeopteryx was capable of active flight26 have not received universal support, largely because three skeletomorphological conditions considered essential for a functional avian flight stroke (ossified, keeled sternum; supracoracoideal “pully” arrangement; glenohumeral tolerance permitting supradorsal humeral abduction) were not yet present in Archaeopteryx26–30.”
From Wing bone geometry reveals active flight in Archaeopteryx (2018) · cites this paper as [29]

The origin and evolution of birds
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-3307 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Four-winged dinosaurs from China
Xu, X., Zhou, Z., Wang, X., Kuang, X., Zhang, F., & Du, X. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01342 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1999) · Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History · Cited by 346 · see citing works
A new troodontid dinosaur from China with avian-like sleeping posture
Xu, X., & Norell, M. A. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02898 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Wing-assisted incline running and the evolution of flight.
Dial, K. P. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1078237 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
3 in Predatory Dinosaurs of the World
Paul, G. S. (1988) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.15468/p4gnhz · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Anatomy of Sinosauropteryx prima from Liaoning, northeastern China
Currie, P., & Chen, P.-J. (2001) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e01-050 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Anatomy of the primitive bird Sapeornis chaoyangensis from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China
Zhou, Z., & Zhang, F. (2003) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e03-011 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
New evidence concerning avian origins from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia
Novas, F., & Puertat, P. F. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387390a0 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The Osteology of Compsognathus longipes WAGNER
Ostrom, J. H. (1978) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16246150 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in a theropod dinosaur from Italy
Sasso, C. D., & Signore, M. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/32884 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Early Evolution of Avian Flight and Perching: New Evidence from the Lower Cretaceous of China
Sereno, P. C., & Chenggang, R. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.255.5046.845 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Evidence from Claw Geometry Indicating Arboreal Habits of Archaeopteryx
Feduccia, A. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.259.5096.790 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A primitive enantiornithine bird and the origin of feathers.
Zhang, F.-C., & Zhou, Z.-H. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5498.1955 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Dinosaur Monophyly and a New Class of Vertebrates
Bakker, R., & Galton, P. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/248168a0 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Early diversification of birds: Evidence from a new opposite bird
Zhang, F., Zhou, Z., Hou, L., & Gu, G. (2001) · Chinese Science Bulletin · doi:10.1007/bf02900473 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Early Adaptive Radiation of Birds: Evidence from Fossils from Northeastern China
Hou, L., Martin, L. D., Zhou, Z., & Feduccia, A. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5290.1164 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
A nearly complete articulated skeleton of Camarasaurus, a saurischian dinosaur from the Dinosaur National Monument, Utah
Gilmore, C. W. (1925) · Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum · doi:10.5962/p.217807 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
A revision of the Ceratopsia or horned dinosaurs
Lull, R. S., & Vene, C. M. L. (1933) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5716 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Skeletal Adaptations of Ornitholestes, Struthiomimus, Tyrannosaurus
Osborn, H. F. (1917) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1040384 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The wing of Archaeopteryx as a primary thrust generator
Burgers, P., & Chiappe, L. M. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/19967 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Feathers of Archaeopteryx : Asymmetric Vanes Indicate Aerodynamic Function
Feduccia, A., & Tordoff, H. B. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.203.4384.1021 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Wing upstroke and the evolution of flapping flight
Poore, S. O., Sánchez-Haiman, A., & Goslow, G. E. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/42930 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
An oviraptorid skeleton from the late Cretaceous of Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia, preserved in an avianlike brooding position over an oviraptorid nest. American Museum novitates ; no. 3265
Clark, J. M., Norell, M. A., Chiappe, L. M., & Akademi., M. S. U. (1999) · American Museum Novitates · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Functional osteology of the avian wrist and the evolution of flapping flight
Vazquez, R. J. (1992) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.1052110303 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
A large Compsognathid from the early cretaceous Yixian formation of China
Hwang, S. H., Norell, M., Qiang, J., & Gao, K.-Q. (2004) · Journal of Systematic Palaeontology · doi:10.1017/s1477201903001081 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The evolution of the avian shoulder joint
Jenkins, F. A. (1993) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.293.a.253 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Fossil that fills a critical gap in avian evolution
Norell, M. A., & Clarke, J. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35051563 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Herbivorous diet in an ornithomimid dinosaur
Kobayashi, Y., Lü, J., Dong, Z.-M., Барсболд, Р., Azuma, Y., & Tomida, Y. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/44999 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Forelimb biomechanics of nonavian theropod dinosaurs in predation.
Carpenter, K. (2002) · Senckenbergiana lethaea · doi:10.1007/bf03043773 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Important features of the dromaeosaurid skeleton. 2, Information from newly collected specimens of Velociraptor mongoliensis. American Museum novitates ; no. 3282
Norell, M. A., Makovicky, P. J., & Akademi., M. S. U. (1999) · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The impact of decay and disarticulation on the preservation of fossil birds
Davis, P. G., & Briggs, D. E. G. (1998) · Palaios · doi:10.2307/3515277 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
A reconsideration of the reptilian relationships of Archaeopteryx
Tarsitano, S., & Hecht, M. (1980) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1980.tb01936.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Range of motion in the forelimb of the theropod dinosaur Acrocanthosaurus atokensis , and implications for predatory behaviour
Senter, P., & Robins, J. H. (2005) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1017/s0952836905006989 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flight capability and the pectoral girdle of Archaeopteryx
OLSON, S. L., & FEDUCCIA, A. (1979) · Nature · doi:10.1038/278247a0 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Description of a new enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of Hebei, northern China
Zhang, F., Ericson, P. G. P., & Zhou, Z. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e04-055 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The presence of a furcula in tyrannosaurid theropods, and its phylogenetic and functional implications
Makovicky, P. J., & Currie, P. J. (1998) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011040 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Some hypothetical anatomical stages in the evolution of avian flight
Ostrom, J. H. (1976) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A NEW OVIRAPTOROSAURID (THEROPODA: OVIRAPTOROSAURIA) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF SOUTHERN CHINA
Lu, J.-C. (2003) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0871:anotof]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
DAS FUENFTE SKELETTEXEMPLAR VON ARCHAEOPTERYX.
Wellnhofer, P. (1974) · Palaeontographica Abteilung A · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A new Ornithomimus with complete abdominal cuirass
Sternberg, C. (1933) · The Canadian Field-Naturalist · doi:10.5962/p.74515 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A catastrophic kill of ice-trapped coots: time-averaged versus scavenger-specific disarticulation patterns
Oliver, J. S., & Graham, R. W. (1994) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300012707 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
On the presence of furculae in some non-maniraptoran theropods
Chure, D. J., & Madsen, J. H. (1996) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011341 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A new late Mesozoic confuciusornithid bird from China
Ji, Q., Chiappe, L. M., & Shu'an, J. (1999) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011117 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
A new genus and species for the largest specimen of Archaeopteryx
Elżanowski, A. (2001) · Acta Palaeontologica Polonica · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Origin of Birds and of Avian Flight
Martin, L. D. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6781-3_4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Taxonomic status of the specimens ofArchaeopteryx
Senter, P., & Robins, J. H. (2003) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1671/22 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
FLIGHT CAPABILITIES INARCHAEOPTERYX
Speakman, J. R. (1993) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01226.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Struthiomimus samueli : a new species of Ornithomimidae from the Belly River formation of Alberta
Parks, W. A. (1928) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 19 · see citing works
An Early Cretaceous fossil bird from Montsec Mountain (Lleida, Spain)
Lacasa‐Ruiz, A. (1989) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1989.tb00324.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2002) · doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2002)381

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Was Dinosaurian Physiology Inherited by Birds? Reconciling Slow Growth in Archaeopteryx
Erickson, G. M., Rauhut, O. W. M., Zhou, Z., Turner, A. H., Inouye, B. D., Hu, D., & Norell, M. A. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007390 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
The evolutionary continuum of limb function from early theropods to birds
Hutchinson, J. R., & Allen, V. (2009) · Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0488-3 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Barb geometry of asymmetrical feathers reveals a transitional morphology in the evolution of avian flight
Feo, T. J., Field, D. J., & Prum, R. O. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2864 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Complete forelimb myology of the basal theropod dinosaur T awa hallae based on a novel robust muscle reconstruction method
Burch, S. H. (2014) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.12216 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Wing bone geometry reveals active flight in Archaeopteryx
Voeten, D. F. A. E., Cubo, J., de Margerie, E., Röper, M., Beyrand, V., Bureš, S., Tafforeau, P., & Sanchez, S. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03296-8 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The wings before the bird: an evaluation of flapping-based locomotory hypotheses in bird antecedents
Dececchi, T. A., Larsson, H. C. E., & Habib, M. B. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.2159 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Comparison of forelimb function betweenDeinonychusandBambiraptor(Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae)
Senter, P. (2006) · Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[897:coffbd]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citation
New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the lower cretaceous of Utah, and the evolution of the Dromaeosaurid tail
Senter, P., Kirkland, J. I., DeBlieux, D. D., Madsen, S., & Toth, N. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036790 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
Forty new specimens of Ichthyornis provide unprecedented insight into the postcranial morphology of crownward stem group birds
Benito, J., Chen, A., Wilson, L. E., Bhullar, B.-A. S., Burnham, D. A., & Field, D. J. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.13919 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Avian Wing Proportions and Flight Styles: First Step towards Predicting the Flight Modes of Mesozoic Birds
Wang, X., McGowan, A. J., & Dyke, G. J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028672 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Postcranial osteology of a new specimen of Buitreraptor gonzalezorum (Theropoda, Unenlagiidae)
Novas, F. E., Egli, F. B., Agnolín, F. L., Gianechini, F. A., & Cerda, I. A. (2017) · Cretaceous Research · doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.06.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Pectoral girdle morphology of Mesozoic birds and the evolution of the avian supracoracoideus muscle
Mayr, G. (2017) · Journal of Ornithology · doi:10.1007/s10336-017-1451-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Forearm Range of Motion in Australovenator wintonensis (Theropoda, Megaraptoridae)
White, M. A., Bell, P. R., Cook, A. G., Barnes, D. G., Tischler, T. R., Bassam, B. J., & Elliott, D. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137709 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The relationship between sternum variation and mode of locomotion in birds
Lowi‐Merri, T. M., Benson, R., Claramunt, S., & Evans, D. C. (2021) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-021-01105-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The evolution of flight in bats: a novel hypothesis
Anderson, S., & Ruxton, G. D. (2020) · Mammal Review · doi:10.1111/mam.12211 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Functional Morphometric Analysis of the Furcula in Mesozoic Birds
Close, R. A., & Rayfield, E. J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036664 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Analysis of forelimb function in basal ceratopsians
Senter, P. J. (2007) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00329.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
Using the American alligator and a repeated-measures design to place constraints onin vivoshoulder joint range of motion in dinosaurs and other fossil archosaurs
Hutson, J. D., & Hutson, K. N. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.074229 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Didactyl Tracks of Paravian Theropods (Maniraptora) from the ?Middle Jurassic of Africa
Mudroch, A., Richter, U., Joger, U., Kosma, R., Ide, O., & Maga, A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014642 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Using Physical Models to Study the Gliding Performance of Extinct Animals
Koehl, M. A. R., Evangelista, D., & Yang, K. (2011) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icr112 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Inferring flight parameters of Mesozoic avians through multivariate analyses of forelimb elements in their living relatives
Serrano, F. J., Palmqvist, P., Chiappe, L. M., & Sanz, J. L. (2016) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/pab.2016.35 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Evolution of Birds with Implications from New Fossil Evidences
Wang, M., & Zhou, Z. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44153-5_1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Record-Breaking Pain: The Largest Number and Variety of Forelimb Bone Maladies in a Theropod Dinosaur
Senter, P., & Juengst, S. L. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149140 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Osteology of Unenlagia comahuensis (Theropoda, Paraves, Unenlagiidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia
Novas, F. E., Agnolín, F. L., Motta, M. J., & Egli, F. B. (2021) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.24641 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Comments on the Morphology of Basal Paravian Shoulder Girdle: New Data Based on Unenlagiid Theropods and Paleognath Birds
Novas, F. E., Motta, M. J., Agnolín, F. L., Rozadilla, S., Coco, G. E. L., & Egli, F. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2021.662167 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Oxygen isotope fractionation between bird bone phosphate and drinking water
Amiot, R., Angst, D., Legendre, S., Buffetaut, É., Fourel, F., Adolfssen, J. S., André, A., Bojar, A., Canoville, A., Barral, A., et al. (2017) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s00114-017-1468-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
An attempt to reconstruct the lifestyle of confuciusornithids (Aves, Confuciusornithiformes)
Zinoviev, A. V. (2009) · Paleontological Journal · doi:10.1134/s0031030109040145 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ultraviolet light illuminates the avian nature of the Berlin Archaeopteryx skeleton
Schwarz, D., Kundrát, M., Tischlinger, H., Dyke, G., & Carney, R. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42823-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Digital restoration of the pectoral girdles of two Early Cretaceous birds and implications for early-flight evolution
Wang, S.-Y., Ma, Y., Wu, Q., Wang, M., Hu, D., Sullivan, C., & Xu, X. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.76086 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The coracoscapular joint of neornithine birds—extensive homoplasy in a widely neglected articular surface of the avian pectoral girdle and its possible functional correlates
Mayr, G. (2021) · Zoomorphology · doi:10.1007/s00435-021-00528-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The aerodynamics of gliding flight and its application to the arboreal flight of the Chinese feathered dinosaurMicroraptor
Palmer, C. F. (2014) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/bij.12328 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The primary feather lengths of early birds with respect to avian wing shape evolution
WANG, X., Nudds, R. L., & Dyke, G. J. (2011) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02253.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Whence the birds: 200 years of dinosaurs, avian antecedents
Field, D. J., Burton, M. G., Benito, J., Plateau, O., & Navalón, G. (2025) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2024.0500 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Forelimbs of the theropod dinosaur Dilophosaurus wetherilli: Range of motion, influence of paleopathology and soft tissues, and description of a distal carpal bone
Senter, P. J., & Sullivan, C. (2019) · Palaeontologia Electronica · doi:10.26879/900 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Feather Evolution in Pennaraptora
Lefèvre, U., Cau, A., Hu, D., & Godefroit, P. (2020) · Fascinating life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27223-4_7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Transformation of the pectoral girdle in pennaraptorans: critical steps in the formation of the modern avian shoulder joint
Wu, Q., O’Connor, J. K., Wang, S., & Zhou, Z. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.16960 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Resting Orientations of Dinosaur Scapulae and Forelimbs: A Numerical Analysis, with Implications for Reconstructions and Museum Mounts
Senter, P., & Robins, J. H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144036 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Craniocervical Myology and Functional Morphology of the Small-Headed Therizinosaurian Theropods Falcarius utahensis and Nothronychus mckinleyi
Smith, D. K. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117281 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
On the origin of avian flight: Compromise and system approaches
Kurochkin, E., & Bogdanovich, I. A. (2008) · Biology Bulletin · doi:10.1134/s1062359008010019 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The link between avian brachial index, flight capability and the neornithine evolutionary radiation
Karoullas, C., & Nudds, R. L. (2021) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.21414 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The osteohistological variability in the evolution of basal avialans
Monfroy, Q. T., & Kundrát, M. (2021) · Acta Zoologica · doi:10.1111/azo.12396 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Furculae in the Late Triassic theropod dinosaurCoelophysis bauri
Rinehart, L. F., Lucas, S. G., & Hunt, A. P. (2007) · Paläontologische Zeitschrift · doi:10.1007/bf02988391 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pectoral Girdle Morphology in Early-Diverging Paravians and Living Ratites: Implications for the Origin of Flight
Novas, F. E., Agnolín, F. L., Egli, F. B., & Coco, G. E. L. (2020) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Forelimb musculature and function in the therizinosaur Nothronychus (Maniraptora, Theropoda)
Smith, D. K. (2021) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.13418 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Structure and possible ventilatory function of unusual, expanded sternal ribs in the Early Cretaceous bird Jeholornis
Zheng, X.-T., Sullivan, C., O'Connor, J., Wang, X.-L., Wang, Y., Zhang, X.-M., & Zhou, Z.-H. (2020) · Cretaceous Research · doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104597 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Primary feather lengths may not be important for inferring the flight styles of Mesozoic birds
Chan, N. R., Dyke, G. J., & Benton, M. J. (2012) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00325.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Origin of feathered flight
Kurochkin, E., & Bogdanovich, I. A. (2010) · Paleontological Journal · doi:10.1134/s0031030110120129 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The appendicular myology of Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauridae) and implications for the head-butting hypothesis
Moore, B. R. S., Roloson, M. J., Currie, P. J., Ryan, M. J., Patterson, R. T., & Mallon, J. C. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268144 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flight Performance of the Early Cretaceous Bird Confuciusornis sanctus: Evidence from an Exceptionally Preserved Fossil
Chiappe, L., Serrano, F. J., Abramowicz, S., & Göhlich, U. (2023) · Spanish Journal of Palaeontology · doi:10.7203/sjp.27543 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Toward a Comprehensive Anatomical Matrix for Crown Birds: Phylogenetic Insights from the Pectoral Girdle and Forelimb Skeleton
Chen, A., Steell, E. M., Benson, R., & Field, D. J. (2025) · Integrative Organismal Biology · doi:10.1093/iob/obaf029 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fitting unanchored puzzle pieces in the skeleton: appropriate 3D scapular positions for the quadrupedal support in tetrapods
Fujiwara, S. (2018) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.12778 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
FANTASY VS REALITY: A Critique of Smith et al.'s Bird Origins
Feduccia, A. (2016) · The Open Ornithology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874453201609010014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fossil evidence sheds light on sexual selection during the early evolution of birds
Zhou, Y., Pan, Y., Wang, M., Wang, X., Zheng, X., & Zhou, Z. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2309825120 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Phylogenetic variation in hind-limb bone scaling of flightless theropods
Chan, N. R. (2016) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/pab.2016.32 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Osteology of the derived Therizinosaur Nothronychus with evidence for convergence in dinosaurian evolution
Smith, D. K., & Gillette, D. D. (2024) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad148 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Restudy of shoulder motion in the theropod dinosaur Mononykus olecranus (Alvarezsauridae)
Senter, P. J. (2023) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.16605 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evolution of birds
Ksepka, D. T. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819770-7.00009-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Forearm range of motion in Allosaurus fragilis (Dinosauria: Theropoda)
Liang, Q., Xing, L., Falkingham, P. L., Du, C., Wen, K., & Lin, J. (2024) · Historical Biology · doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2403599 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Geometric Morphometric Analysis of the Pedal Claw of the Early Cretaceous Bird Confuciusornis sanctus (Confuciusornithidae) and Its Functional and Behavioral Implications
McIntosh, A. P. (2017) · Digital Commons-DePaul (DePaul University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Exceptional Preservation of Feather Micro-Structures in Amber from the Middle-Cretaceous of Myanmar
Laurent, C. M., Wang, X., Wáng, B., & Li, Z. (2022) · Biosis Biological Systems · doi:10.37819/biosis.001.04.0161 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pectoral Girdle and Forelimb Muscle Reconstruction in the Basal Therizinosaur Falcarius utahensis From Central Utah
Smith, D. K. (2025) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.70067 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evolution: Taking Wing with Weak Feathers
Xu, X. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.015 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Incipient wing flapping enhances aerial performance of a robotic paravian model
Sathe, E. A., Chronister, N. J., & Dudley, R. (2023) · Bioinspiration & Biomimetics · doi:10.1088/1748-3190/acda03 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Postcranial Anatomy of Pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauria) and its Phylogenetic and Myological Implications
Moore, B. (2021) · doi:10.22215/etd/2021-14769 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fossil birds: Contributions to the understanding of avian evolution
Dalsätt, J. (2012) · DiVA (Stockholm University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Development of a Kinematic Model of a Proto-Wing
Bayfield, M., Kark, L., & Barber, T. J. (2014) · Applied Mechanics and Materials · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.553.261
A NEW METHOD TO CALCULATE PALAEOGRAVITY USING FOSSIL FEATHERS
Hurrell, S. W. (2014)
References
Brusatte, S. L. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118274071.refs
References
Mayr, G. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119020677.refs
Peer Review #1 of "The wings before the bird: an evaluation of flapping-based locomotory hypotheses in bird antecedents (v0.1)"
(2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.2159v0.1/reviews/1
Peer Review #2 of "The wings before the bird: an evaluation of flapping-based locomotory hypotheses in bird antecedents (v0.1)"
(2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.2159v0.1/reviews/2
Peer Review #2 of "The wings before the bird: an evaluation of flapping-based locomotory hypotheses in bird antecedents (v0.2)"
(2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.2159v0.2/reviews/2

Scapular orientation in theropods and basal birds, and
(2015)
The scapulocoracoid of flightless birds: a primitive avian character similar to that of theropods
Feduccia, A. (1986) · Ibis · doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1986.tb02099.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Reconstruction of pectoral musculature in non-avialan paravians and basal birds: implications in the acquisition of flapping flight
Coco, G. E. L., Motta, M. J., Agnolín, F. L., & Novas, F. E. (2025) · BMC Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1186/s12862-025-02454-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Study on the Origin of Bird Flight
Li, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, Z. H. (2008) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Middle- and bottom-decker Cretaceous pterosaurs: unique designs in active flying vertebrates
Frey, E. D., Buchy, M., & Martill, D. M. (2003) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.217.01.15 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Authors: Senter, P.
Venue: Zenodo
Publisher: Zenodo
Published: 2006-12-31
Volume: 51
Issue: 2
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13644023
OpenAlex: W753864051
Cited by: 72
References: 51
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 1.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Locations: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (cc-by)
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (cc-by)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fossil Insects in Amber
Keywords: scapular orientation, theropod dinosaurs, basal birds, flapping flight, origin of flight, dinosaur-bird transition, wing kinematics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Scapular orientation in theropods and basal birds, and the origin of flapping flight

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks