The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Endogenous sex hormones and endometrial cancer risk in women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Open accessAbstract
Epidemiological data show that reproductive and hormonal factors are involved in the etiology of endometrial cancer, but there is little data on the association with endogenous sex hormone levels. We analyzed the association between prediagnostic serum concentrations of sex steroids and endometrial cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition using a nested case-control design of 247 incident endometrial cancer cases and 481 controls, matched on center, menopausal status, age, variables relating to blood collection, and, for premenopausal women, phase of menstrual cycle. Using conditional regression analysis, endometrial cancer risk among postmenopausal women was positively associated with increasing levels of total testosterone, free testosterone, estrone, total estradiol, and free estradiol. The odds ratios (ORs) for the highest versus lowest tertile were 2.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-4.72; P=0.002 for a continuous linear trend) for estrone, 2.07 (95% CI 1.20-3.60; P=0.001) for estradiol, and 1.66 (95% CI 0.98-2.82; P=0.001) for free estradiol. For total and free testosterone, ORs for the highest versus lowest tertile were 1.44 (95% CI 0.88-2.36; P=0.05) and 2.05 (95% CI 1.23-3.42; P=0.005) respectively. Androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were not associated with risk. Sex hormone-binding globulin was significantly inversely associated with risk (OR for the highest versus lowest tertile was 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.95; P=0.004). In premenopausal women, serum sex hormone concentrations were not clearly associated with endometrial cancer risk, but numbers were too small to draw firm conclusions. In conclusion, relatively high blood concentrations of estrogens and free testosterone are associated with an increased endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Cancer Incidence in Five Continents
(1966) · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85849-9 · Cited by 5,936
A Critical Evaluation of Simple Methods for the Estimation of Free Testosterone in Serum
Vermeulen, A., Verdonck, L., & Kaufman, J. M. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.10.6079 · Cited by 3,824
Riboli, E., Hunt, K., Slimani, N., Ferrari, P., Norat, T., Fahey, M., Charrondière, U., Hémon, B., Casagrande, C., Vignat, J., et al. (2002) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2002394 · Cited by 1,866
Self-citationLabrie, F., Luu-The, V., Labrie, C., Bélanger, A., Simard, J., Lin, S.-X., & Pelletier, G. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2001-0031 · Cited by 544 · cited 1×
“Finally, serum levels of androgens and estrogens may be poor indicators of total androgenic and estrogenic activities as they do not reflect local conversion of adrenal precursors (such as DHEA and DHEAS) into more active sex steroids in target tissue (Labrie et al. 2003).”
BackgroundDo androgens have a direct effect on endometrial function? An in vitro study
Tuckerman, E. M., Okon, M. A., Li, T.-C., & Laird, S. M. (2000) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00711-1 · Cited by 167
Cited by
EDC-2: the endocrine society's second scientific statement on endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Gore, A. C., Chappell, V. A., Fenton, S. E., Flaws, J. A., Nadal, A., Prins, G. S., Toppari, J., & Zoeller, R. T. (2015) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1010 · Cited by 2,407
Obesity and cancer: the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue
van Kruijsdijk, R. C. M., van der Wall, E., & Visseren, F. L. J. (2009) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0372 · Cited by 715
Challenges to the measurement of estradiol: an Endocrine Society Position Statement
Rosner, W., Hankinson, S. E., Sluss, P. M., Vesper, H. W., & Wierman, M. E. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3780 · Cited by 408
Aune, D., Navarro Rosenblatt, D. A., Chan, D. S. M., Vingeliene, S., Abar, L., Vieira, A. R., Greenwood, D. C., Bandera, E. V., & Norat, T. (2015) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv142 · Cited by 288
Androgens and endometrium: new insights and new targets
Simitsidellis, I., Saunders, P. T. K., & Gibson, D. A. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.022 · Cited by 107
Metadata
- Authors
- Allen, N. E., Key, T. J., Dossus, L., Rinaldi, S., Cust, A., Lukanova, A., Peeters, P. H., Onland-Moret, N. C., Lahmann, P. H., Berrino, F., Panico, S., Larranaga, N., Pera, G., Tormo, M.-J., Sanchez, M.-J., Ramon Quiros, J., Ardanaz, E., Tjonneland, A., Olsen, A., Chang-Claude, J., Linseisen, J., Schulz, M., Boeing, H., Lundin, E., Palli, D., Overvad, K., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Boutron-Ruault, M.-C., Bingham, S., Khaw, K.-T., Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, H., Trichopoulou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Naska, A., Tumino, R., Riboli, E., & Kaaks, R.
- Venue
- Endocrine Related Cancer
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 2008-06-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 485-497
- ISSN
- 1351-0088 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6821
- OpenAlex
- W2169159364
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 6.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Endogenous sex hormones and endometrial cancer risk in women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1677/erc-07-0064
- The paper
- Allen, N. E., Key, T. J., Dossus, L., Rinaldi, S., Cust, A., Lukanova, A., Peeters, P. H., Onland-Moret, N. C., Lahmann, P. H., Berrino, F., Panico, S., Larranaga, N., Pera, G., Tormo, M.-J., Sanchez, M.-J., Ramon Quiros, J., Ardanaz, E., Tjonneland, A., Olsen, A., . . . Kaaks, R. (2008). Endogenous sex hormones and endometrial cancer risk in women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Endocrine Related Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1677/erc-07-0064
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
