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Stress alters immune function and disease resistance in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Abstract
We examined the effects of acute stress on the immune system and disease resistance of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in laboratory and clinical trials. Immune function, as measured by the ability of lymphocytes from the anterior kidney to generate specific antibody-producing cells (APC) in vitro, was depressed 4 h after stress, when plasma cortisol levels were highest. At the same time, resistance to the fish pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum, was also depressed. Compared with controls, plasma cortisol and APC of stressed fish were unchanged after 24 h, and disease resistance was enhanced as evidenced by higher survival rate and longer mean time to death of mortalities. After 7 days, even though numbers of APC were depressed, plasma cortisol concentration and disease resistance did not differ from controls. This pattern was generally the same, independent of the type of stress applied: i.e. being held out of water in a dipnet for 30 s, manipulation during hatchery operations for 4 h, or transportation for 9 h. These and earlier findings suggest that similar endocrine-immune interactions operate in the mammalian and salmonid systems during acute stress. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 135–142
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“However, allostatic overload can also have a useful purpose for the preservation of the species, such as In migrating salmon or the marsupial mouse, which die of excessive stress after mating- the stress, and allostatic load, being caused for salmon, In part, by the migration up the rapidly flowing rivers, but also because of physiological changes that represent accelerated aging.12-14”
From Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain (2006) · cites this paper as [13]
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Items 301–330 of 330
Ono, S., & Hara, H. (2005) · Cited by 1
Kim, S. M., Kim, Y. J., Lee, D. W., et al. (2020) · Fisheries and aquatic sciences · doi:10.1186/s41240-020-00171-w · Cited by 1
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Evsyunina, A. S., Lyapkova, N. S., Платонова, Т. А., et al. (2002) · Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology · doi:10.1023/a:1014370802539 · Cited by 1
Pepper, V. A., & Crim, L. W. (1996) · Developments in aquaculture and fisheries science · doi:10.1016/s0167-9309(96)80007-x · Cited by 1
Ackerman, P. A. (2009) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0086740 · Cited by 1
“Such a stressor may cause fish to go off feed for a period of time and to display altered levels of blood hormones (Maule et al., 1989).”
BackgroundInfluentialCeratomyxosis resistance in juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Trout from the Klamath River.
Foott, J. S., Harmon, R., & Stone, R. A. (2003) · Cited by 1
Animal Biomarkers as Stress Indicators: Assessing the Health of Organisms in the Environment
Mustafa, T. (1997) · Coastal systems and continental margins · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1066-4_11
GENETIC ALALYSIS OF CORTISOL RESPONSE IN A WILD X DOMESTIC RAINBOW TROUT CROSS
Martin, K. E. (2007)
Impacts of host biology on the urban eco-epidemiology of West Nile virus
Krebs, B. L. (2014) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Mellina, E. (2009) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0099662
Markkula, E. S. (2009) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
Henrique, S., Schalch, C., Belo, M. A. D. A., et al. (2005)
The Stress Response and Endocrine Mechanisms of Growth in Salmonids
Madison, B. N. (2013) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
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Castro, V. (2012) · BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) · Cited by 1
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Brunsvik, P., Finstad, B., & Nilssen, K. J. (1996) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb01231.x
Kennedy, C. J. (2014) · Marine biology/CRC marine biology series · doi:10.1201/b17633-5
Crumlish, M. (2019) · CABI Compendium · doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.79225
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Wei, S., Yu, H., Zhang, X., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4795485
Pierre, C. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3fb696b3zb184z441bz92a1z69ca15801ec7
“Le stress ou l’injection de cortisol diminue aussi la résistance des poissons aux infections (Maule et al., 1989; Pickering and Pottinger, 1989).”
Duan, Y., Li, H., Lei, L., Li, J., Ban, W., Fu, S., Liao, R., Zhou, Y., Bai, S., Peng, M., et al. (2026) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103583
Ecological considerations for reintroducing Chinook salmon upstream of Shasta Dam
Couch, C. E., Morgan, B. A., Ostberg, C. O., et al. (2026) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.70431
Macnab, V. (2012) · Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)
Kvam, H. K. (2015) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Metadata
- Authors
- Maule, A. G., Tripp, R. A., Kaattari, S. L., & Schreck, C. B.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- ORCID
- Tripp, R. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 1989-01-01
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 135-142
- ISSN
- 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6805
- OpenAlex
- W2035540083
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 2.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Keywords
- acute stress, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, immune function, disease resistance, cortisol, antibody-forming cells, Vibrio anguillarum, endocrine-immune interaction, fish handling stress, hatchery operations, transport stress
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Animals, Antibody-Producing Cells, Cell Count, Hydrocortisone, Immunity, Innate, Salmon, Stress, Physiological, Time Factors, Vibrio Infections
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