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Postprandial hormone and metabolic responses in simulated shift work
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate postprandial responses to a mixed meal in simulated shift work conditions. Nine normal healthy subjects (six males and three females) were studied on two occasions at the same clock time (1330 h) after consuming test meals, first in their normal environment and secondly after a 9 h phase advance (body clock time 2230 h). Plasma glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), triacylglycerol (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were determined at intervals for 6 h after each test meal. Postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, GIP and GLP-1 profiles were evaluated by calculating areas under the curve (AUC) for the first 2 h and the last 4 h of the sampling together with total AUC. Significantly higher postprandial glucose responses (total AUC) were observed after the phase shift than before (AUC 0-360 min, 2.01 (1.51-2.19) vs 1.79 (1.56-2.04) mmol/l.min; P < 0.02; mean (range)). No significant difference was observed when the first 2 h of each response was compared, but significantly higher glucose levels were observed in the last 4 h of the study after the phase shift than before (AUC 120-360 min, 1.32 (1.08-1.42) vs 1.16 (1.00-1.28) mmol/l.min; P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained for insulin (AUC 0-360 min, 81.72 (30.75-124.97) vs 58.98 (28.03-92.57) pmol/l.min; P < 0.01; AUC 120-360 min, 40.73 (16.20-65.25) vs 25.71 (14.25-37.33) pmol/l.min; P < 0.02). No differences were observed in postprandial plasma GIP and GLP-1 responses before and after the phase shift. Postprandial circulating lipid levels were affected by phase shifting. Peak plasma TAG levels occurred 5 h postprandially before the phase shift. Postprandial rises in plasma TAG were significantly delayed after the phase shift and TAG levels continued to rise throughout the study. Plasma postprandial NEFA levels fell during the first 3 h both before and after the phase shift. Their rate of return to basal levels was significantly delayed after the phase shift compared with before. This study demonstrates that a simulated phase shift can significantly alter pancreatic B-cell responses and postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism.
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In the citing paper
“Different forms of shift work are reported to induce multiple forms of circadian misalignment, which are believed to underlie the observed raised postprandial glucose (120) and insulin concentrations in shift workers (121), as well as the increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance (122) and type 2 diabetes observed in epidemiologic studies (81).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [120]
In the citing paper
“Important early studies have shown decreased glucose tolerance, a risk factor for diabetes, under simulated shift work conditions and in shift workers [e.g., Hampton et al. (67) and Lund et al. (68)].”
From Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans (2016) · cites this paper as [67]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, a 9-h phase advance only had a detrimental effect on the average triglyceride response to a test meal when the pretest meal is a low- rather than high-fat meal (Hampton et al., 1996; Ribeiro et al., 1998).”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Hampton et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“A 9-h phase advance of the circadian timing system—a simulation of shift work—increased the glucose and insulin response to a test meal given at the same clock time when the test meal was preceded by a high-fat but not low-fat meal (Hampton et al., 1996; Ribeiro et al., 1998).”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Hampton et al., 1996
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hampton, S. M., Morgan, L. M., Lawrence, N., Anastasiadou, T., Norris, F., Deacon, S., Ribeiro, D., & Arendt, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 1996-11-01
- Volume
- 151
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 259-267
- ISSN
- 0022-0795 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6805
- OpenAlex
- W1996486968
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- shift work, circadian phase advance, postprandial blood glucose, insulin response, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, triglycerides, free fatty acids, mixed meal, circadian rhythm, meal timing, lipid metabolism, jet lag, sleep deprivation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Glucagon, Humans, Insulin, Islets of Langerhans, Lipids, Male, Peptide Fragments, Protein Precursors, Triglycerides, Work Schedule Tolerance, Postprandial Period, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
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