Kt/Vurea and Nonurea Small Solute Levels in the Hemodialysis Study
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The Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study showed that high-dose hemodialysis providing a single-pool Kt/V urea of 1.71 provided no benefit over a standard treatment providing a single-pool Kt/V urea of 1.32. Here, we assessed whether the high-dose treatment used lowered plasma levels of small uremic solutes other than urea. Measurements made ≥3 months after randomization in 1281 patients in the HEMO Study showed a range in the effect of high-dose treatment compared with that of standard treatment: from no reduction in the level of p-cresol sulfate or asymmetric dimethylarginine to significant reductions in the levels of trimethylamine oxide (−9%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −2% to −15%), indoxyl sulfate (−11%; 95% CI, −6% to −15%), and methylguanidine (−22%; 95% CI, −18% to −27%). Levels of three other small solutes also decreased slightly; the level of urea decreased 9%. All-cause mortality did not significantly relate to the level of any of the solutes measured. Modeling indicated that the intermittency of treatment along with the presence of nondialytic clearance and/or increased solute production accounted for the limited reduction in solute levels with the higher Kt/V urea . In conclusion, failure to achieve greater reductions in solute levels may explain the failure of high Kt/V urea treatment to improve outcomes in the HEMO Study. Furthermore, levels of the nonurea solutes varied widely among patients in the HEMO Study, and achieved Kt/V urea accounted for very little of this variation. These results further suggest that an index only on the basis of urea does not provide a sufficient measure of dialysis adequacy.
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PAGln levels are substantially increased in subjects with end-stage renal disease.
“PAGln levels were noted to be substantially increased in subjects with end-stage renal disease (to more than 500 μM in some subjects (Meyer et al., 2016))”
From A Cardiovascular Disease-Linked Gut Microbial Metabolite Acts via Adrenergic Receptors (2020) · cites this paper as Meyer et al., 2016
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More Dialysis Has Not Proven Much Better
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Self-citationUntargeted mass spectrometry discloses plasma solute levels poorly controlled by hemodialysis
Sirich, T. L., Aronov, P. A., Fullman, J., Nguyễn, K., Plummer, N. S., & Meyer, T. W. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188315 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Self-citationLee, Y., Rhee, C. M., & Kalantar‐Zadeh, K. (2018) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2018.07.17 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Meyer, T. W., Sirich, T. L., Fong, K. D., Plummer, N. S., Shafi, T., Hwang, S., Banerjee, T., Zhu, Y., Powe, N. R., Hai, X., & Hostetter, T. H.
- Affiliations
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Meyer, Timothy W.
- Sirich, Tammy L.
- Fong, Kara D.
- Plummer, Natalie S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
- Published
- 2016-03-29
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3469-3478
- ISSN
- 1046-6673 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-3450
- PMC
- PMC5084890
- OpenAlex
- W2319187512
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 12.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IK2 CX001036)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK080123, K23DK083514)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
- Keywords
- hemodialysis adequacy, Kt/V urea, trimethylamine N-oxide, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, asymmetric dimethylarginine, methylguanidine, dialysis dose, all-cause mortality, HEMO study, dialysis adequacy index
- MeSH terms
- Female, Renal Dialysis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Urea, Hemodialysis Solutions
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