Incidental Exposure to Non-Like-Minded News through Social Media: Opposing Voices in Echo-Chambers’ News Feeds
Open accessAbstract
Debates about post-truth need to take into account how news re-disseminates in a hybrid media system in which social networks and audience participation play a central role. Hence, there is a certain risk of reducing citizens’ exposure to politically adverse news content, creating ‘echo chambers’ of political affinity. This article presents the results of research conducted in agreement with 18 leading Spanish online news media, based on a survey (N = 6625) of their registered users. The results highlight that high levels of selective exposure that are a characteristic of offline media consumption are being moderated in the online realm. Although most of the respondents get news online from like-minded media, the figures related to those who also get news from media with a different media ideology should not be underestimated. As news consumption is becoming more ‘social,’ our research points out that Spanish citizens who are more active on social media sites are more likely to be exposed to news content from different ideological positions than those who are less active users. There is a weak association between the use of a particular social network site and gaining access to like- and non-like-minded news.
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Polarization often arises during contentious events, such as elections, where users amplify content from ideologically aligned sources.
“Polarization often arises during contentious events, such as elections, where users amplify content from ideologically aligned sources [55,56].”
From A systematic review of echo chamber research: comparative analysis of conceptualizations, operationalizations, and varying outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as [55]
Section 2, “Selective Exposure and the New Media Environment” (page unavailable), says that distribution of content shared by politically like-minded contacts can reinforce polarization. It does not establish that polarization often arises during contentious events such as elections, or that users specifically amplify content from ideologically aligned sources. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMasip et al. showed that Twitter/X users are exposed to more diverse viewpoints than Facebook users.
“For example, Masip et al. [55] showed that Twitter/X users are exposed to more diverse viewpoints than Facebook users.”
From A systematic review of echo chamber research: comparative analysis of conceptualizations, operationalizations, and varying outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as [55]
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“In this sense, our findings support previous literature that defends the positive effects that social media might have in moderating selective exposure (Bakshy et al., 2015; Boxell et al., 2017; Dubois & Blank, 2018).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hartmann, D., Wang, S. M., Pohlmann, L., & Berendt, B. (2025) · Journal of Computational Social Science · doi:10.1007/s42001-025-00381-z · Cited by 59 · see citing works
- Authors
- Masip, P., Suau, J., & Ruiz-Caballero, C.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Ramon Llull (ES)
- Venue
- Media and Communication
- Publisher
- Cogitatio
- Published
- 2020-10-08
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 53-62
- ISSN
- 2183-2439 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3092161616
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 5.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Media and Communication (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Cogitatio (Cogitatio) (publishedVersion)
- Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Media Studies and Communication
- Keywords
- echo chambers, selective exposure, social media, news consumption, political ideology, post-truth, online news, social network sites, Spanish citizens, hybrid media system
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