When Fake News Becomes Real: Combined Exposure to Multiple News Sources and Political Attitudes of Inefficacy, Alienation, and Cynicism
Abstract
This research assesses possible associations between viewing fake news (i.e., political satire) and attitudes of inefficacy, alienation, and cynicism toward political candidates. Using survey data collected during the 2006 Israeli election campaign, the study provides evidence for an indirect positive effect of fake news viewing in fostering the feelings of inefficacy, alienation, and cynicism, through the mediator variable of perceived realism of fake news. Within this process, hard news viewing serves as a moderator of the association between viewing fake news and their perceived realism. It was also demonstrated that perceived realism of fake news is stronger among individuals with high exposure to fake news and low exposure to hard news than among those with high exposure to both fake and hard news. Overall, this study contributes to the scientific knowledge regarding the influence of the interaction between various types of media use on political effects.
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Those having high exposure to 'fake news' in the form of political televisual satire, combined with low exposure to 'hard' news, lend more credibility to 'fake news' than those with high levels of exposure to both 'fake' and 'hard' news.
“Those having high exposure to 'fake news' in the form of political televisual satire, combined with low exposure to 'hard' news, lend more credibility to 'fake news' than those with high levels of exposure to both 'fake' and 'hard' news [2].”
From Falling for Fake News: Investigating the Consumption of News via Social Media (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Balmas, M.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Balmas, Meital
- ORCID
- Balmas, Meital
- Venue
- Communication Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-07-24
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 430-454
- ISSN
- 0093-6502 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3810
- OpenAlex
- W2096555427
- Cited by
- 325
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Communication Research (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Tel Aviv University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Humor Studies and Applications
- Keywords
- fake news, political satire, perceived realism, political cynicism, political alienation, media influence, political candidates, news consumption
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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