Combination of ezetimibe and garlic reduces serum lipids and intestinal niemann-pick C1-like 1 expression more effectively in hypercholesterolemic mice
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Background: Combination therapy plays an important role in the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objectives: The aim of this experiment was to study the influence of garlic combined with ezetimibe on lipid profile as well as intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) expression in normal and hypercholesterolemic mice. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 mice were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1: hypercholesterolemic group (received 2% w/w cholesterol + 0.5% w/w cholic acid in their diet), Group 2: garlic group (hypercholesterolemic diet + 4% w/w garlic extract), Group 3: ezetimibe group (hypercholesterolemic diet + 0.005% w/w ezetimibe), Group 4: combination group (hypercholesterolemic diet + 0.005% w/w ezetimibe + 4% w/w garlic) and Group 5: control (chow only). Results: Serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly decreased in ezetimibe, garlic (both P < 0.05), and combination groups (P < 0.001). Also, triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) were significantly lower in garlic and combination groups (P < 0.05). Liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were also significantly decreased in garlic, ezetimibe (both P < 0.05) and combination groups (P < 0.001) in comparison with hypercholesterolemic animals. Analysis of semi quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the levels of NPC1L1 was also significantly less (P < 0.01) in the garlic, ezetimibe, and combination groups (P < 0.001) compared with the controls. Based on the results, the combination of garlic and ezetimibe can lower serum lipids and liver enzymes more effectively in hypercholesterolemic mice. Conclusions: This experiment revealed that a possible mechanism for the beneficial effects of garlic and ezetimibe combination in lowering plasma LDL-C and TC is inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption. More research might be necessary to determine the efficacy and the exact mechanism of this co-administration.
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Garlic and ezetimibe combined treatment reduces plasma LDL-C and total cholesterol, and thus inhibits the absorption of intestinal cholesterol and reduces cardiovascular disorder risk factors.
“Mohammadi et al. [134] revealed the potent activity of garlic and ezetimibe combined treatment in reducing plasma LDL-C and TC, and thus, inhibiting the absorption of intestinal cholesterol and reducing the cardiovascular disorders risk factors.”
From Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [134]
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- Authors
- Mohammadi, A., Vafaei, S. A., Nabi Moradi, M., Ahmadi, M., Pourjafar, M., & Abbasi Oshaghi, E.
- Affiliations
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Islamic Azad University Sanandaj Branch (IR)
- Hamedan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Venue
- Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Maad Rayan Publishing Company
- Published
- 2015-03-21
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2345-4113 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W956931180
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Garlic and Onion Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- ezetimibe, garlic, hypercholesterolemia, NPC1L1, intestinal cholesterol absorption, serum lipids, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, combination therapy, cholesterol absorption inhibition, dietary cholesterol, cholic acid, cardiovascular disease prevention, hepatoprotection, anti-inflammatory activity, antiplatelet activity
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