Effectiveness of Acceptance-Commitment Therapy on Anxiety and Depression among Patients on Methadone Treatment: A Pilot Study
Open accessAbstract
Background:: Substance dependence disorder is a psychiatric disorders with different factors that influence its nature, severity, outcome, and treatment options. Objectives:: This study evaluates the effectiveness of Acceptance-Commitment Therapy (ACT) to decrease anxiety and depression in patients with opioid dependencies who are undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Materials and Methods:: The present study was done in Mashhad from 2011-2012. Twenty-eight patients (18-50 yr) with opioid dependency who were on MMT were selected using purposive sampling and were divided equally between case and control groups. The case group received 8 sessions of individual psychotherapy with ACT. The level of depression and anxiety of these patients were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Beck Anxiety Inventory before the initiation of ACT as a pretest, 2 weeks after the termination of ACT as the posttest, and 3-months after the termination as a follow-up. The collected data was analyzed with SPSS (ver. 20) using χ2, paired t-test, ANOVA, and MANOVA. Results:: The pretest-posttest-follow up of anxiety showed no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.05); however, the case group had lower depression scores in the posttest and follow-up than the control group (P = 0.04). Evaluating the results of the case group revealed that depression significantly decreased in the posttest group when compared to the pretest (P = 0.01) and there were no significant decreases in the follow up compared to the pretest (P = 0.34). Conclusion:: Short-term ACT for opioid dependent patients on MMT are not associated with a significant decrease in the level of anxiety; however, it is associated with a significant decrease in the level of depression. Nonetheless, this reduction was not maintained long term.
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ACT has demonstrated positive contributions to reducing levels of depression and anxiety in several contexts and countries around the world.
“Although this therapeutic approach has demonstrated positive contributions to reducing levels of depression and anxiety in several contexts and countries around the world (Davison et al., 2017; Dehghani et al., 2015; Saedy et al., 2015)”
From Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression, anxiety, stress, and psychological flexibility in women with breast cancer. (2024) · cites this paper as Saedy et al., 2015
The Results (§4; page not supplied) report a significant reduction in depression after eight weeks of ACT among patients on methadone treatment, but the difference was not significant at three-month follow-up. The same section reports no significant reduction in anxiety compared with the control group. This paper therefore supports the depression part of the claim in its study population, but not a demonstrated anxiety benefit in that population or, by itself, benefits across several contexts and countries. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Cites
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“Each participant who refused to continue MMT, 3Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2015;9(1):e222 preferred not to continue ACT sessions, were diagnosed with any other axis I psychiatric disorders or any medical condition (e.g. hepatic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, etc.), needing different psychiatric or medical treatme…”
BackgroundInfluentialWoods, D. W., Wetterneck, C. T., & Flessner, C. A. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.05.006 · Cited by 381 · cited 1× · see citing works
“showed that treating the patients using ACT leads to changing behavioral habits and results in improving the state of both anxiety and depression of patients who have maintained at a 3-month follow-up (11).”
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study
Dalrymple, K. L., & Herbert, J. D. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445507302037 · Cited by 312 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It is important to note that in the present study each patient received 8 sessions of individual psychotherapy while recommended sessions of ACT for anxiety disorders are 8-12 in most of the other studies (15, 18, 21, 22).”
ResultThe psychological and neurophysiological concomitants of mindfulness forms of meditation
Ivanovski, B., & Malhi, G. S. (2007) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00175.x · Cited by 284 · see citing works
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“Several studies have reported the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (including ACT) in treating depression, self-injury, and suicidal behaviors (8, 25-30).”
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“It is important to note that in the present study each patient received 8 sessions of individual psychotherapy while recommended sessions of ACT for anxiety disorders are 8-12 in most of the other studies (15, 18, 21, 22).”
ResultHayes, L., Boyd, C. P., & Sewell, J. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0046-5 · Cited by 162 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This keeps them from perceiving their current circumstances and brings them back to negative events of the past or brings them forth to the negative unknown future (18, 27).”
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“It is important to note that in the present study each patient received 8 sessions of individual psychotherapy while recommended sessions of ACT for anxiety disorders are 8-12 in most of the other studies (15, 18, 21, 22).”
ResultTwohig, M. P., Shoenberger, D., & Hayes, S. C. (2007) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.619-632 · Cited by 130 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The reason for this kind of treatment is similar to the 12-step approach, motivational interviewing, harm reduction, and relapse prevention models (9).”
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“2015;9(1):e222 2 anxiousness, or self-incompetencies (5).”
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The effect of methadone on depression among addicts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mohammadi, M., Kazeminia, M., Abdoli, N., Khaledipaveh, B., Shohaimi, S., Salari, N., & Hosseinian-Far, M. (2020) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01599-3 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hamel, C., Corace, K., Hersi, M., Rice, D., Willows, M., Macpherson, P., Sproule, B., Flores-Aranda, J., Garber, G., Esmaeilisaraji, L., et al. (2020) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01499-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Rahimi, E., Attarha, M., & Majidi, A. (2018) · International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences · doi:10.15296/ijwhr.2019.80 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The ACT is used for treating anger (17), chronic pain, drug abuse, and many other problems as well (18,19).”
MethodHemmat, A., Dept.of Clinical Psychology, F. O. M., Hemmat, J., Dept.of Clinical Psychology, F. O. M., Pirzeh, R., Dept.of Psychiatry, F. O. M., Dadashi, M., & Social Detriments of Health Research Center, Z. U. O. M. S. (2018) · Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research · doi:10.30699/jambs.30.142.10 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ksiksou, J., Maskour, L., & Alaoui, S. (2024) · Kontakt · doi:10.32725/kont.2024.023 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…contributions to reducing levels of depression and anxiety in several contexts and countries around the world (Davison et al., 2017; Dehghani et al., 2015; Saedy et al., 2015), no study has explored the impact of ACT on depression, anxiety, and stress among women with breast cancer in Morocco.”
Salari, N., Heidarian, P., Hassani, R., Babajani, F., Abdolmaleki, A., & Mohammadi, M. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100847 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Saedy, M., Kooshki, S., Jamali Firouzabadi, M., Emamipour, S., & Rezaei Ardani, A.
- Affiliations
- Islamic Azad University, Tehran (IR)
- ORCID
- Kooshki, Shirin
- Venue
- Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Publisher
- Brieflands
- Published
- 2015-03-20
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e222-e222
- ISSN
- 1735-8639 (ISSN-L)
- 1735-9287
- PMC
- PMC4525449
- OpenAlex
- W2053450510
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- methadone maintenance treatment, opioid use disorder, depression, anxiety, maintenance of treatment effects
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