The Impact of AI on the Workplace: Evidence from OECD Case Studies of AI Implementation
Open accessAbstract
How artificial intelligence (AI) will impact workplaces is a central question for the future of work, with potentially significant implications for jobs, productivity, and worker well-being. Yet, knowledge gaps remain in terms of how firms, workers, and worker representatives are adapting. This study addresses these gaps through a qualitative approach. It is based on nearly 100 case studies of the impacts of AI technologies on workplaces in the manufacturing and finance sectors of eight OECD countries. The study shows that, to date, job reorganisation appears more prevalent than job displacement, with automation prompting the reorientation of jobs towards tasks in which humans have a comparative advantage. Job quality improvements associated with AI – reductions in tedium, greater worker engagement, and improved physical safety – may be its strongest endorsement from a worker perspective. The study also highlights challenges – skill requirements and reports of increased work intensity – underscoring the need for policies to ensure that AI technologies benefit everyone.
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Such disruptions have sparked interest in how AI-driven tools may affect workplaces and ER stakeholders and HRM.
“Such disruptions have sparked interest in how such AI-driven tools may affect workplaces (Milanez, 2023) and ER stakeholders (Ioakimidis & Maglajlic, 2023;Zu, 2023) and HRM (Korzynski et al., 2023).”
From Human resource management in the age of generative artificial intelligence: Perspectives and research directions on ChatGPT (2023) · cites this paper as Milanez, 2023
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Budhwar, P., Chowdhury, S., Wood, G., Aguinis, H., Bamber, G. J., Beltran, J. R., Boselie, P., Lee Cooke, F., Decker, S., DeNisi, A., et al. (2023) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12524 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
- Authors
- Milanez, A.
- Corresponding author
- Anna Milanez
- Venue
- OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers
- Published
- 2023-03-27
- ISSN
- 1815-199X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4360962889
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 8
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- OECD social employment and migration working papers (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation
- Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales
- Employment and Social Development Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Economy and Work Transformation
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence, workplace impact, future of work, job displacement, automation, job quality, employee well-being, employee engagement, physical safety, skill requirements, work intensity, manufacturing industry, finance sector, employee representatives, AI policy
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