Overcoming barriers to the adoption of climate-friendly practices in agriculture

Traditions and practices are a moderate/high barrier for farmers/foresters.

“Traditions, practices Human Farmer/forester Moderate/high Communication and engagement”

Diverse lobby groups are a high-importance barrier for governments preventing adoption of restoration/sustainable land management practices.

“Diverse lobby groups Institutional Government High Dialog with lobbyists transparent to public”

Lack of adequate spatial planning is a moderate/locally contextual barrier for government and farmer/forester.

“Lack of adequate spatial planning Institutional Government; farmer/forester Moderate/locally contextual Appropriate regulations and engagement with stakeholders”

Lack of infrastructure is a moderate/locally contextual barrier for farmers/foresters.

“Lack of infrastructure Technological/economic Farmer/forester Moderate/locally contextual Investment support”

Lack of access to input and output markets is a moderate barrier for farmers/foresters and government.

“Lack of access to input and output markets Economic Farmer/forester; government Moderate Financial incentives, transportation infrastructure, labeling”

Hidden and transaction costs are a moderate barrier for farmers/foresters.

“Hidden and transaction costs Economic/institutional Farmer/forester Moderate Simplification of regulations”

Reliance on imports and trade agreements is a high-importance barrier for governments preventing adoption of restoration/sustainable land management practices.

“Reliance on imports, trade agreements Institutional Government High Include environmental standards in trade agreements”

Uncertain land tenure is a moderate/locally contextual barrier for government and farmer/forester.

“Uncertain land tenure Institutional Government; farmer/forester Moderate/locally contextual Appropriate regulations and engagement with stakeholders”

Lack of political incentives is a high-importance barrier for governments preventing adoption of restoration/sustainable land management practices.

“Lack of political incentives Institutional Government High Targeted political measures, redirection of subsidies”

Costs of adoption/lack of access to credit are a moderate barrier for farmers/foresters.

“Costs of adoption/lack of access to credit Economic Farmer/forester Moderate Investment support”

Actual or perceived effects on performance of restoration/sustainable land management practices are a high-importance barrier for farmers/foresters.

“Actual or perceived effects on performance of restoration/sustainable land management practices Human/social Farmer/forester High Communication and education; rural advisory services”

Perverse subsidies are a high-importance barrier for governments preventing adoption of restoration/sustainable land management practices.

“Perverse subsidies Institutional Government High Redirect to act on environmental concerns”

Actual or perceived lack of financial benefit is a high-importance barrier for farmers/foresters.

“Actual or perceived lack of financial benefit Economic Farmer/forester High Communication and education, financial incentives”

Barriers specific to restoration may include a perceived lack of financial benefit, insufficient information or education, prohibitive costs of adoption, lack of access to credit, systems of uncertain land tenure, and lack of infrastructure or appropriate spatial planning.

“Barriers specific to restoration may include a perceived lack of financial benefit, insufficient information or education, prohibitive costs of adoption, lack of access to credit, systems of uncertain land tenure, and lack of infrastructure or appropriate spatial planning (141) (Table 2).”

Two strategies apply to address barriers: revision of policies that impede restoration objectives and introduction of targeted initiatives that could directly help remove key barriers.

“In principle, two strategies apply (141): the revision of policies that impede restoration objectives and the introduction of targeted initiatives that could directly help remove the key barriers.”