A review on conversion of biomass to biofuel by nanocatalysts
Open accessAbstract
The world’s increasing demand for energy has led to an increase in fossil fuel consumption. However this source of energy is limited and is accompanied with pollution problems. The availability and wide diversity of biomass resources have made them an attractive and promising source of energy. The conversion of biomass to biofuel has resulted in the production of liquid and gaseous fuels that can be used for different means methods such as thermochemical and biological processes. Thermochemical processes as a major conversion route which include gasification and direct liquefaction are applied to convert biomass to more useful biofuel. Catalytic processes are increasingly applied in biofuel development. Nanocatalysts play an important role in improving product quality and achieving optimal operating conditions. Nanocatalysts with a high specific surface area and high catalytic activity may solve the most common problems of heterogeneous catalysts such as mass transfer resistance, time consumption, fast deactivation and inefficiency. In this regard attempts to develop new types of nanocatalysts have been increased. Among the different biofuels produced from biomass, biodiesel has attained a great deal of attention. Nanocatalytic conversion of biomass to biodiesel has been reported using different edible and nonedible feedstock. In most research studies, the application of nanocatalysts improves yield efficiency at relatively milder operating conditions compared to the bulk cat…
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Using nanocatalysts improves conversion efficiency, enhances gas products' quality, and reduces tar content.
“Using nanocatalysts improve the conversion efficiency and enhance the gas products' quality as well as reducing the tar content.”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
Magnetic solid base catalyst CaO/Fe3O4 (size 49 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from Jatropha oil.
“| Magnetic solid base catalysts | 49 | Jatropha oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
(Mg-Al) nanocatalyst (size 5-22 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from Pongamia oil.
“| (Mg-Al) | 5-22 | Pongamia oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
MgO nanocatalyst (size 60 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from soybean oil.
“| Mgo | 60 | Soybean oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
CaO nanocatalyst (size 20 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from soybean oil.
“| Cao | 20 | Soybean oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
Cs/Al/Fe3O4 nanocatalyst (size 31-34 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil.
“| Cs/Al/Fe 3 O 4 | 31-34 | Sunflower oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
Hydrotalcite-derived particles with Mg/Al molar ratio of 3:1 (size 7.3 nm) are utilized for biodiesel synthesis from Jatropha oil.
“| Hydrotalcite-derived particles | 7.3 | Jatropha oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
KF/CaO-Fe3O4 nanocatalyst (size 50 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from Stillingia oil.
“| KF/CaO-Fe 3 O 4 | 50 | Stillingia oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
TiO2-ZnO nanocatalyst (size 34.2 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from palm oil.
“| TiO 2 -ZnO | 34.2 | Palm oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
KF/Al2O3 nanocatalyst (size 50 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from canola oil.
“| KF/Al 2 O 3 | 50 | Canola oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
KF/CaO/Fe3O4 nanocatalyst (size 50 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from Chinese tallow seed oil.
“| KF/CaO/Fe 3 O 4 | 50 | Chinese tallow seed |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
ZrO2 loaded with C4H4O6 HK nanocatalyst (size 30 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from soybean oil.
“| ZrO 2 loaded with C 4 H 4 O 6 HK | 30 | Soybean oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
MgO nanocatalyst (size 100 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil.
“| MgO | 100 | Sunflower oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
ZnO nanocatalyst (size 28.4 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from palm oil.
“| ZnO | 28.4 | Palm oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
Lithium impregnated calcium oxide (Li-Cao) nanocatalyst (size 40 nm) is utilized for biodiesel synthesis from Jatropha oil.
“| Lithium impregnated calcium | 40 | Jatropha oil |”
From Renewable energy harvesting with the application of nanotechnology: A review (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
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References 65 · Cited by 261
- Authors
- Akia, M., Yazdani, F., Motaee, E., Han, D., & Arandiyan, H.
- Affiliations
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (IR)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (CN)
- Venue
- Biofuel Research Journal
- Publisher
- Alpha Creation Enterprise
- Published
- 2014-03-01
- Volume
- 01
- Issue
- 01
- Pages
- 16-25
- ISSN
- 2292-8782 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W189102376
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 8.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Biofuel Research Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Keywords
- biomass conversion, biofuels, nanocatalysts, biodiesel, catalytic transesterification, thermochemical conversion, gasification, direct liquefaction, heterogeneous catalysts, catalyst deactivation, mass transfer resistance
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