CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 64Green IT and SustainabilityEnergy Efficiency in ComputingCloud Computing and Resource Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Impact of Data Centers on Climate Change: A Review of Energy Efficient Strategies

Open access
Ewim, Daniel Raphael Ejike, Ninduwezuor-Ehiobu, Nwakamma, Orikpete, Ochuko Felix, Egbokhaebho, Blessed Afeyokalo, Fawole, Akeeb Adepoju, Onunka, Chiemela·2023·The Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences
DOI 10.18540/jcecvl9iss6pp16397-01e
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of digital services and the surge in cloud computing have significantly increased the demand for data centers worldwide. As these facilities consume vast amounts of energy, there is growing concern about their impact on the environment, particularly in relation to climate change. This paper reviews the extent to which data centers contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions and examines the energy efficient strategies being employed to mitigate their environmental footprint. Key findings indicate that without intervention, data centre emissions could rival those of major global industries. Fortunately, innovations in cooling technologies, architectural design, renewable energy sourcing, and hardware efficiency have shown potential in reducing energy consumption. The paper also underscores the importance of a holistic approach that encompasses both technological advancements and policy measures for meaningful progress. In conclusion, while data centers are indeed a source of climate concern, the ongoing advancements in energy-efficient strategies provide a promising pathway towards a sustainable digital future.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.18540/jcecvl9iss6pp16397-01e

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 36

  1. Ahmed, K. M. U., Bollen, M. H., & Alvarez, M. (2021). A review of data centers energy consumption and reliability modeling. IEEE Access , 9 , 152536-152563. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3125092. · DOI
  2. Alghamdi, R., Dahrouj, H., Al-Naffouri, T., & Alouini, M. S. (2023). Toward Immersive Underwater CloudEnabled Networks: Prospects and Challenges. IEEE BITS the Information Theory Magazine , 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1109/mbits.2023.3244908 · DOI
  3. Bashroush, R., Rteil, N., Kenny, R., & Wynne, A. (2020). Optimizing server refresh cycles: The case for circular economy with an aging Moore's Law. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing , 7 (1), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsusc.2020.3035234 · DOI
  4. Bellavista, P., Della Penna, R., Foschini, L., & Scotece, D. (2020, June). Machine learning for predictive diagnostics at the edge: An IIoT practical example. In ICC 2020-2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (pp. 1-7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icc40277.2020.9148684 · DOI
  5. Bielek, B., & Bielek, M. (2012). Environmental Strategies for Design of Sustainable Buildings in Technique of Green Eco-Architecture. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture , 6 (7), 892-898. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Boris-
  6. Birke, R., Chen, L. Y., & Smirni, E. (2012, September). Usage patterns in multi-tenant data centers: A temporal perspective. In Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Autonomic computing (pp. 161-166). https://doi.org/10.1145/2371536.2371565 · DOI
  7. Calm, J. M. (2002). Emissions and environmental impacts from air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. International Journal of Refrigeration , 25 (3), 293-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S01407007(01)00067-6 · DOI
  8. D'Agostino, D., Merelli, I., Aldinucci, M., & Cesini, D. (2021). Hardware and software solutions for energyefficient computing in scientific programming. Scientific Programming , 2021 , 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5514284 · DOI
  9. Dai, J., Zhang, Q., Ou, J., Deng, Y., Zhou, H., & Pan, R. (2023, June). Distribution network fault location and isolation based on edge computing and 5G. In International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Communications, and Computer Networks (ISCCN 2023) (Vol. 12702, pp. 689-699). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2679658 · DOI
  10. Daniel, C. (2019). Big Data: A Twenty-First Century Arms Race . In M. Spitzer (Ed.). Amazon Media. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353298540\_Big\_Data\_A\_Twenty-First\_Century\_Arms\_Race
  11. Enteria, N., Cuartero-Enteria, O., & Sawachi, T. (2020). Review of the advances and applications of variable refrigerant flow heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems for improving indoor thermal comfort and air quality. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering , 11 (4), 459483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-020-00346-0 · DOI
  12. Ferrari, D., Cacciapuoti, A. S., Amoretti, M., & Caleffi, M. (2021). Compiler design for distributed quantum computing. IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering , 2 , 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1109/tqe.2021.3053921 · DOI
  13. Gamble, S. (2019). Quantum Computing: What It Is, Why We Want It, and How We're Trying to Get It. In Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2018 Symposium . National Academy of Engineering. National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538701/
  14. Guitart, J. (2017). Toward sustainable data centers: a comprehensive energy management strategy. Computing , 99 (6), 597-615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-016-0501-1 · DOI
  15. Guo, C., Luo, F., Cai, Z., & Dong, Z. Y. (2021). Integrated energy systems of data centers and smart grids: State-of-the-art and future opportunities. Applied Energy , 301 , 117474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117474 · DOI
  16. Hashem, I. A. T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N. B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A., & Khan, S. U. (2015). The rise of 'big data' on cloud computing: Review and open research issues. Information systems , 47 , 98-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2014.07.006 · DOI · Paper page
  17. He, B. J., Prasad, D., Pignatta, G., & Jupesta, J. (Eds.). (2022). Climate change and environmental sustainability . Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12015-2\_1 · DOI
  18. Holechek, J. L., Geli, H. M., Sawalhah, M. N., & Valdez, R. (2022). A global assessment: can renewable energy replace fossil fuels by 2050?. Sustainability , 14 (8), 4792. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084792 · DOI
  19. Hussein, Y. S., Alrashd, M., Alabed, A. S., & Zraiqat, A. (2023). Data centre infrastructure: power efficiency and protection. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110014 · DOI
  20. Khanna, A., & Kaur, S. (2019). Evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) and its significant impact in the field of Precision Agriculture. Computers and electronics in agriculture , 157 , 218-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.12.039 · DOI
  21. Klöwer, M., Allen, M. R., Lee, D. S., Proud, S. R., Gallagher, L., & Skowron, A. (2021). Quantifying aviation's contribution to global warming. Environmental Research Letters , 16 (10), 104027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac286e · DOI · Paper page
  22. Liu, H., Song, W., Jin, T., Wu, Z., Yan, F., & Song, J. (2020). A dynamic thermal-allocation solution to the complex economic benefit for a data center. Complexity , 2020 , 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5934747 · DOI
  23. Lynch, J., Cain, M., Frame, D., & Pierrehumbert, R. (2021). Agriculture's contribution to climate change and role in mitigation is distinct from predominantly fossil CO2-emitting sectors. Frontiers in sustainable food systems , 4 , 518039. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.518039 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Manganelli, M., Soldati, A., Martirano, L., & Ramakrishna, S. (2021). Strategies for improving the sustainability of data centers via energy mix, energy conservation, and circular energy. Sustainability , 13 (11), 6114. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116114 · DOI
  25. Matsveichuk, N. M., & Sotskov, Y. N. (2023). Digital Technologies, Internet of Things and Cloud Computations Used in Agriculture: Surveys and Literature in Russian. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1162.v1 · DOI
  26. Morley, J., Widdicks, K., & Hazas, M. (2018). Digitalisation, energy and data demand: The impact of Internet traffic on overall and peak electricity consumption. Energy Research & Social Science , 38 , 128-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.01.018 · DOI
  27. Park, S., & Seo, J. (2018). Analysis of Air-side economizers in terms of cooling-energy performance in a data center considering Exhaust air recirculation. Energies , 11 (2), 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11020444 · DOI
  28. Roy, Z., & Halder, G. (2020). Replacement of halogenated refrigerants towards sustainable cooling system: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances , 3 , 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100027 · DOI
  29. Sebastian-Coleman, L. (2022). Chapter 8 - The Culture Challenge: Organizational Accountability for Data. In L. Sebastian-Coleman (Ed.), Meeting the Challenges of Data Quality Management (pp. 165-184). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821737-5.00008-0 · DOI
  30. Semenov, A., & Oganesyan, E. (2021). Data centers environmental impact assessment features. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 311, p. 04007). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131104007 · DOI
  31. Skare, M., & Soriano, D. R. (2021). How globalization is changing digital technology adoption: An international perspective. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge , 6 (4), 222-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2021.04.001 · DOI
  32. Sutherland, T., & Bopp, G. (2023). The Pacific futures of subsea data centers. New Media & Society , 25 (2), 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221149944 · DOI
  33. Townend, P., Clement, S., Burdett, D., Yang, R., Shaw, J., Slater, B., & Xu, J. (2019, April). Improving data center efficiency through holistic scheduling in kubernetes. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented System Engineering (SOSE) (pp. 156-15610). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sose.2019.00030 · DOI
  34. Wang, Y., Huang, X., Chu, J., Du, Y., Tang, X., Dai, C., & Ma, G. (2022). Analysis of an Evaporative Condensation System Coupled to a Microchannel-Separated Heat Pipe for Data Centers. Energies , 15 (23), 9056. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239056 · DOI
  35. Zhang, P., Zhang, H., Sun, X., Li, P., Zhao, M., Xu, S., ... & Zhang, T. (2023). Research on carbon emission standards of automobile industry in BRI participating countries. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption , 8 , 100106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2023.100106 · DOI
  36. Zhang, W. L., Shen, Y. F., Song, H., Zhang, Z., Liu, K., Huang, Q., & Chen, M. Y. (2022). QStack: Rearchitecting User-space Network Stack to Optimize CPU Efficiency and Service Quality. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.08432. · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 64

Metadata

Authors
Ewim, D. R. E., Ninduwezuor-Ehiobu, N., Orikpete, O. F., Egbokhaebho, B. A., Fawole, A. A., & Onunka, C.
Affiliations
  • Durban University of Technology (ZA)
  • GE Vernova (United States) (US)
  • University of Port Harcourt (NG)
  • Amazon (United States) (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Vicosa
Published
2023-08-17
Volume
9
Issue
6
Pages
16397-01e
ISSN
2527-1075 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.18540/jcecvl9iss6pp16397-01e
OpenAlex
W4386687745
Cited by
64
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 1
FWCI
4.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Green IT and Sustainability
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Energy Efficiency in Computing
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Keywords
data centers, energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, cloud computing, data center cooling, renewable energy, data center design, hardware efficiency, energy consumption, environmental policy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review