Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatments
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The antifibrotics pirfenidone and nintedanib are both approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by regulatory agencies and are recommended by health technology assessment bodies. Other treatments such as N-acetylcysteine are used in clinical practice but have not received regulatory approval. No head-to-head trials have been conducted to directly compare the efficacy of these therapies in IPF. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of treatments for IPF. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted up to April 2015. Phase II/III randomized controlled trials in adults with IPF were eligible. A Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was used to compare pirfenidone, nintedanib, and N-acetylcysteine with respect to forced vital capacity (FVC) and mortality. RESULTS: Nine studies were included in the NMA. For change from baseline in FVC, the NMA indicated that pirfenidone and nintedanib were more effective than placebo after 1 year (pirfenidone vs. placebo: difference = 0.12 liter (L), 95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.03-0.21 L; nintedanib vs. placebo: difference = 0.11 L, 95% CrI = 0.00-0.22 L). There was no evidence that N-acetylcysteine had an effect on FVC compared with placebo (N-acetylcysteine vs. placebo: difference = 0.01 L, 95% CrI = -0.15-0.17 L). Patients treated with pirfenidone also had a lower risk of experiencing a decline in percent predicted FVC of ≥ 10% over 1 year (odds ratio [OR]: 0.58, 95% CrI = 0.40-0.88), whereas there was no conclusive evidence of a difference between nintedanib and placebo (OR: 0.65, 95% CrI = 0.42-1.02). The NMA indicated that pirfenidone reduced all-cause mortality relative to placebo over 1 year (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.52, 95% CrI = 0.28-0.92). There was no evidence of a difference in all-cause mortality between nintedanib and placebo (HR: 0.70, 95% CrI = 0.32-1.55), or N-acetylcysteine and placebo (HR: 2.00, 95% CrI=0.46-8.62). CONCLUSIONS: Our primary analysis of the available evidence indicates that over 1 year, pirfenidone and nintedanib are effective at reducing lung-function decline, and pirfenidone may reduce the odds of experiencing a decline in percent predicted FVC of ≥10% compared with placebo in the first year of treatment. The results of our analysis also suggest that pirfenidone improves survival. DISCLOSURES: Fleetwood is an employee of Quantics Consulting. McCool and Glanville are employees of York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC). Quantics and YHEC received funding from F. Hoffmann-La Roche for conducting the systematic review and network meta-analysis reported in this paper. Edwards, Gsteiger, and Daigl are employees of F. Hoffmann-La Roche. Fisher was employed by InterMune UK, a wholly owned Roche subsidiary, until July 2015. He is currently employed by FIECON, which has received funding from F. Hoffmann-La Roche for consulting services. The systematic review and network meta-analysis reported in this paper were conducted by Fleetwood (Quantics Consulting) and McCool and Glanville (YHEC), funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche. The original network analysis was funded by InterMune. Study concept and design were contributed by Edwards, Gsteiger, and Daigl, along with Fleetwood, McCool, and Glanville. Fleetwood, McCool, and Glanville collected the data, with assistance from Edwards, Gsteiger, and Daigl. Data interpretation was performed by Fleetwood and Fisher, with assistance from the other authors. The manuscript was written by Fleetwood, McCool, and Glanville, with assistance from Edwards, Daigl, and Fisher, and revised by all the authors.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses confirmed the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone in IPF.
“A series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses confirmed the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone in the treatment of IPF [27–33].”
From Emerging pharmacological options in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
The Conclusions (page not available in our copy) state that pirfenidone is effective for IPF, reducing lung-function decline over one year compared with placebo. The Results say that although a network was developed for treatment discontinuation, the article explores only lung-function and mortality outcomes; it does not establish pirfenidone’s safety. Thus this source supports the efficacy part of the claim, but not the safety part. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139 · see citing works
Miller, M. R., Hankinson, J., Brusasco, V., Burgos, F., Casaburi, R., Coates, A., Crapo, R., Enright, P., van der Grinten, C. P. M., Gustafsson, P., et al. (2005) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00034805 · Cited by 15,627 · see citing works
Raghu, G., Collard, H. R., Egan, J. J., Martinez, F. J., Behr, J., Brown, K. K., Colby, T. V., Cordier, J.-F., Flaherty, K. R., Lasky, J. A., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.2009-040gl · Cited by 7,186 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of Nintedanib in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Richeldi, L., du Bois, R. M., Raghu, G., Azuma, A., Brown, K. K., Costabel, U., Cottin, V., Flaherty, K. R., Hansell, D. M., Inoue, Y., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1402584 · Cited by 4,654 · see citing works
A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
King, T. E., Bradford, W. Z., Castro-Bernardini, S., Fagan, E. A., Glaspole, I., Glassberg, M. K., Gorina, E., Hopkins, P. M., Kardatzke, D., Lancaster, L., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1402582 · Cited by 3,975 · see citing works
Pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CAPACITY): two randomised trials
Noble, P. W., Albera, C., Bradford, W. Z., Costabel, U., Glassberg, M. K., Kardatzke, D., King, T. E., Lancaster, L., Sahn, S. A., Szwarcberg, J., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60405-4 · Cited by 2,154 · see citing works
Raghu, G., Rochwerg, B., Zhang, Y., Garcia, C. A. C., Azuma, A., Behr, J., Brozek, J. L., Collard, H. R., Cunningham, W., Homma, S., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201506-1063st · Cited by 1,916 · see citing works
Salanti, G. (2012) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1037 · Cited by 1,729 · see citing works
Prednisone, Azathioprine, and N -Acetylcysteine for Pulmonary Fibrosis
The Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1113354 · Cited by 1,631 · see citing works
Systematic Reviews in Health Care. Meta-analysis in Context.
Kleijnen, J., & Antes, G. (2002) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/31.3.697 · Cited by 1,373 · see citing works
Efficacy of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Richeldi, L., Costabel, U., Selman, M., Kim, D. S., Hansell, D. M., Nicholson, A. G., Brown, K. K., Flaherty, K. R., Noble, P. W., Raghu, G., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1103690 · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
High-Dose Acetylcysteine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Demedts, M., Behr, J., Buhl, R., Costabel, U., Dekhuijzen, R., Jansen, H. M., MacNee, W., Thomeer, M., Wallaert, B., Laurent, F., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa042976 · Cited by 964 · see citing works
Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Taniguchi, H., Ebina, M., Kondoh, Y., Ogura, T., Azuma, A., Suga, M., Taguchi, Y., Takahashi, H., Nakata, K., Sato, A., et al. (2009) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00005209 · Cited by 957 · see citing works
Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Pirfenidone in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Azuma, A., Nukiwa, T., Tsuboi, E., Suga, M., Abe, S., Nakata, K., Taguchi, Y., Nagai, S., Itoh, H., Ohi, M., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200404-571oc · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Interstitial lung disease guideline
Wells, A. U., & Hirani, N. (2008) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2008.101691 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Figure 1–
Swigris, J., & Fairclough, D. (2010) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00071710 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
du Bois, R. M., Weycker, D., Albera, C., Bradford, W. Z., Costabel, U., Kartashov, A., King, T. E., Lancaster, L., Noble, P. W., Sahn, S. A., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201105-0840oc · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Randomized Trial of Acetylcysteine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
The Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1401739 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Meltzer, E. B., & Noble, P. W. (2008) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/1750-1172-3-8 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Behr, J., Kreuter, M., Hoeper, M. M., Wirtz, H., Klotsche, J., Koschel, D., Andreas, S., Claussen, M., Grohé, C., Wilkens, H., et al. (2015) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00217614 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Drug Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Canestaro, W. J., Forrester, S. H., Raghu, G., Ho, L. A., & Devine, B. E. (2016) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.013 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Rogliani, P., Calzetta, L., Cavalli, F., Matera, M. G., & Cazzola, M. (2016) · Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2016.07.009 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a network meta-analysis
Rochwerg, B., Neupane, B., Zhang, Y., Garcia, C. C., Raghu, G., Richeldi, L., Brozek, J., Beyene, J., & Schünemann, H. (2016) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0558-x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Comparing new treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis – a network meta-analysis
Loveman, E., Copley, V. R., Scott, D. A., Colquitt, J. L., Clegg, A. J., & O’Reilly, K. M. (2015) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0034-y · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Rogliani, P., Mura, M., Mattia, P., Ferlosio, A., Farinelli, G., Mariotta, S., Graziano, P., Pezzuto, G., Rícci, A., Saltini, C., et al. (2008) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.07.010 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Ades, A., Lu, G., Dias, S., Mayo-Wilson, E., & Kounali, D. (2015) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1130 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: present understanding and future options
du Bois, R. M. (2011) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/09059180.00001511 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Pirfenidone post-authorization safety registry (PASSPORT) update
Cottin, V., Maher, T. M., Azuma, A., Groves, L., Hormel, P., Sköld, M. C., Tomassetti, S., & Koschel, D. (2015) · doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.oa4500 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effect of baseline corticosteroid medication on reduction in FVC decline with nintedanib
Cottin, V., Li, H., Luppi, F., Maulf, F. L., Schlenker‐Herceg, R., Stowasser, S., & du Bois, R. M. (2015) · doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.oa4498 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [5]5. National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK). Diagnosis and management of suspected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. 2013. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Clinical Guidelines, No. 163. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/ PMH0068972/. Accessed February 9, 2017.
- [43]43. Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, et al. Standardisation of spirom- etry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319-38.
- [47]47. Taniguchi H, Ebina M, Kondoh Y, et al. Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmo- nary fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2010;35(4):821-29.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Richeldi, L., Fernández Pérez, E. R., Costabel, U., Albera, C., Lederer, D. J., Flaherty, K. R., Ettinger, N., Perez, R., Scholand, M. B., Goldin, J., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30262-0 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
The PDGF/PDGFR pathway as a drug target
Papadopoulos, N., & Lennartsson, J. (2017) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2017.11.007 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Mitochondria dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming as drivers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Bueno, M., Calyeca, J., Rojas, M. M., & Mora, A. L. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101509 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Senotherapeutics: targeting senescence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Merkt, W., Bueno, M., Mora, A. L., & Lagares, D. (2020) · Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.008 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis andOutcomes
Wakwaya, Y. T., & Brown, K. M. (2019) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2019.02.013 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The characterisation of interstitial lung disease multidisciplinary team meetings: a global study
Richeldi, L., Launders, N., Martínez, F. J., Walsh, S. L. F., Myers, J. L., Wang, B., Jones, M. G., Chisholm, A., & Flaherty, K. R. (2019) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00209-2018 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cerri, S., Monari, M., Guerrieri, A., Donatelli, P., Bassi, I., Garuti, M., Luppi, F., Betti, S., Bandelli, G. P., Carpano, M., et al. (2019) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2019.105803 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Medical treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Pitre, T., Mah, J. C., Helmeczi, W., Khalid, M. F., Cui, S., Zhang, M., Husnudinov, R., Su, J. S., Banfield, L. E., Guy, B., et al. (2022) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217976 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pleasants, R. A., & Tighe, R. M. (2019) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/1060028019862497 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Leucine-rich α -2 glycoprotein promotes lung fibrosis by modulating TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts
Honda, H., Fujimoto, M., Serada, S., Urushima, H., Mishima, T., Lee, H., Ohkawara, T., Kohno, N., Hattori, N., Yokoyama, A., et al. (2017) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13556 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
TGFβ as a therapeutic target in cystic fibrosis
Kramer, E. L., & Clancy, J. P. (2017) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2018.1406922 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Di Martino, E., Provenzani, A., Vitulo, P., & Polidori, P. (2021) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/1060028020964451 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Pathogenetic significance and possibility as a therapeutic target of platelet derived growth factor
Ishii, Y., Hamashima, T., Yamamoto, S., & Sasahara, M. (2017) · Pathology International · doi:10.1111/pin.12530 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Belhassen, M., Dalon, F., Nolin, M., & Van Ganse, E. (2021) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-021-01714-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Comparison of Pirfenidone and Nintedanib
Kim, J. S., Murray, S., Yow, E., Anstrom, K. J., Kim, H. J., Flaherty, K. R., Martinez, F. J., & Noth, I. (2024) · CHEST · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2023.11.035 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Goodarzi, A., Atefi, N., Behrangi, E., Mozafarpoor, S., Seirafianpour, F., & Bagherzadeh, S. P. (2020) · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/jrms.jrms_777_20 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Skandamis, A., Kani, C., Markantonis, S. L., & Souliotis, K. N. (2019) · Journal of Drug Assessment · doi:10.1080/21556660.2019.1597726 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Xie, Z., Wu, Q., Jin, Z., Yang, C., & Feng, J. (2021) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000001288 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Rinciog, C., Diamantopoulos, A., Gentilini, A., Bondue, B., Dahlqvist, C., Froidure, A., Wuyts, W. A., & Soulard, S. (2020) · PharmacoEconomics - Open · doi:10.1007/s41669-019-00191-w · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wu, W., Jia, H., Chen, S., Ma, X., Zhou, S. F., Qiu, L., Wu, X., Li, P., Chu, H., & Zhang, G. (2024) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-024-00843-6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Li, D., Liu, Y., & Wang, B. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233732 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Diagnosis, biomarkers and newer treatment protocols
Patel, H., Shah, J. R., Patel, D., Avanthika, C., Jhaveri, S., & Gor, K. (2022) · Disease-a-Month · doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101484 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Clay, E., Cristeau, O., Chafaie, R., Pinta, A., Mazaleyrat, B., & Cottin, V. (2019) · Journal of Market Access & Health Policy · doi:10.1080/20016689.2019.1626171 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Emerging pharmacological options in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
Aribindi, K., Liu, G. Y., & Albertson, T. E. (2024) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2024.2396121 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Filidou, E., Kandilogiannakis, L., Tarapatzi, G., Spathakis, M., Steiropoulos, P., Mikroulis, D. A., Arvanitidis, K. I., Paspaliaris, V., & Kolios, G. C. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23094570 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Martínez, J. A. B., Ferreira, J. C., Tanni, S. É., Alves, L. R., Cabral, B. F., de Carvalho, C. R. R., Cezare, T. J., da Costa, C. H., Gazzana, M. B., Jezler, S. F. D. O., et al. (2020) · Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia · doi:10.36416/1806-3756/e20190423 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Aono, Y., Nakamura, Y., Kono, M., Nakamura, H., Yokomura, K., Imokawa, S., Toyoshima, M., Yasui, H., Hozumi, H., Karayama, M., et al. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/1753466620953783 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Tuyls, S., Verleden, S. E., Wuyts, W. A., Yserbyt, J., Vos, R., & Verleden, G. M. (2018) · Transplant International · doi:10.1111/tri.13382 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Huang, X., Khoong, Y., Han, C., Su, D., Ma, H., Gu, S., Li, Q., & Zan, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.694605 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fröhlich, E. (2025) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s564912 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
ILB® resolves inflammatory scarring and promotes functional tissue repair
Hill, L. J., Botfield, H. F., Begum, G., Qureshi, O. S., Vigneswara, V., Masood, I., Barnes, N. M., Bruce, L., & Logan, A. (2021) · npj Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41536-020-00110-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tao, H., Lv, Q., Zhang, J., Chen, L., Yang, Y., & Sun, W. (2024) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2024/3429565 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Historical eye on IPF: a cohort study redefining the mortality scenario
Tomassetti, S., Ravaglia, C., Piciucchi, S., Ryu, J. H., Wells, A. U., Donati, L., Dubini, A., Klersy, C., Luzzi, V., Gori, L., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1151922 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Danhong injection in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Lan, Y., Wu, D., Jin, Y., Shui, M., & Fan, X. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000022016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of pirfenidone according to clinical trials
Хохлов, А. Л., & Rybachkova, J. V. (2024) · Patient-Oriented Medicine and Pharmacy · doi:10.37489/2949-1924-0036 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ho, R. S., Souza, C., Oliveira, C., Lisondo, C., & Alves, M. R. (2017) · Jornal Brasileiro de Economia da Saúde · doi:10.21115/jbes.v9.suppl1.89-95 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tratamiento farmacológico en la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática. Drogas modificadoras de enfermedad
FLORENZANO, M., V, & C, F. R. (2019) · Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias · doi:10.4067/s0717-73482019000400287 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Galindo, J. L., Celis-Preciado, C. A., Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, C., Mejía, M. E., & Unidad de Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, I. C. V. C. D. M. (2018) · Investigación Clínica · doi:10.22209/ic.v59n4a07 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Scott, D. A., Loveman, E., Colquitt, J. L., & O’Reilly, K. M. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55080443 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Belhassen, M., Dalon, F., Nolin, M., & Ganse, E. H. V. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-124214/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zyryanov, S. K., Butranova, O. I., & Shatalova, O. V. (2018) · PULMONOLOGIYA · doi:10.18093/0869-0189-2017-27-6-789-802
Natural History of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Disease Monitoring
Sergew, A., & Brown, K. K. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54431-3.00009-3
Pirfenidono klinikinio veiksmingumo metaanalizė, gydant idiopatinę plaučių fibrozę
Kalinauskaitė-Žukauskė, V. (2017) · Pulmonology and allergology · doi:10.37499/pia.218
Nintedanib, Pirfenidone and Pirfenidone Versus Nintedanib: A Systematic Review And Meta-AnalysisPreprint
Pitre, T., Husnudinov, R., Khalid, M. F., Zhang, M. C., Cui, S., Tran, J., Mah, J. C., Helmeczi, W., Su, J. S., Jones, A., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-589439/v1
Asl, M. S., Motakef, Z., Behgam, N., Attaran, S., & Mirsadraee, M. (2023) · PubMed Central
Şengül, A. (2023) · Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology · doi:10.14744/ejp.2022.1202
Zhu, D., Zhang, J., Guo, P., Tao, S., Zeng, M., Zheng, X., & Feng, W. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4889003
Guarin-Rivera, S. K., Reinoso, G. P. G., Chávez-Villagómez, N. S., Torres, J. P., Miranda, D. J. C., Páez, N. C. S., Silva, A. D., Vargas, E. F. C., & Madrigal, P. E. T. (2025) · Salud Ciencia y Tecnología · doi:10.56294/saludcyt20251417
Wang, Q. D., Tang, C., Wu, Q., Wan, N., Jin, Z., Yang, C., Wang, H., Feng, J., & Wang, Y. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.19.706933
- Authors
- Fleetwood, K., McCool, R., Glanville, J., Edwards, S. C., Gsteiger, S., Daigl, M., & Fisher, M.
- Affiliations
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG (CH)
- York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom.
- FIECON, St Albans, United Kingdom.
- Corresponding author
- Fleetwood, Kelly
- Venue
- Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy
- Publisher
- Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3-b Suppl
- Pages
- S5-S16
- ISSN
- 2376-0540 (ISSN-L)
- 2376-1032
- PMC
- PMC10410677
- OpenAlex
- W2596468399
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Keywords
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pirfenidone, nintedanib, N-acetylcysteine, antifibrotic therapy, forced vital capacity, all-cause mortality, treatment efficacy comparison, forced vital capacity decline
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Indoles, Pyridones, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
