The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neural Belief Tracker: Data-Driven Dialogue State Tracking
Open accessAbstract
One of the core components of modern spoken dialogue systems is the belief tracker, which estimates the user's goal at every step of the dialogue.However, most current approaches have difficulty scaling to larger, more complex dialogue domains.This is due to their dependency on either: a) Spoken Language Understanding models that require large amounts of annotated training data; or b) hand-crafted lexicons for capturing some of the linguistic variation in users' language.We propose a novel Neural Belief Tracking (NBT) framework which overcomes these problems by building on recent advances in representation learning.NBT models reason over pre-trained word vectors, learning to compose them into distributed representations of user utterances and dialogue context.Our evaluation on two datasets shows that this approach surpasses past limitations, matching the performance of state-of-the-art models which rely on hand-crafted semantic lexicons and outperforming them when such lexicons are not provided.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Kingma, D. P., & Ba, J. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.6980 · Cited by 98,946
Glove: Global Vectors for Word Representation
Pennington, J., Socher, R., & Manning, C. (2014) · Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1162 · Cited by 34,071
(2014) · Cited by 33,419
(2008) · Journal of Machine Learning Research · Cited by 33,051
Natural Language Processing (almost) from Scratch
Collobert, R., Weston, J., Bottou, L., Karlen, M., Kavukcuoglu, K., & Kuksa, P. P. (2011) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1103.0398 · Cited by 4,962
Partially observable Markov decision processes for spoken dialog systems
Williams, J. D., & Young, S. (2007) · Computer Speech & Language · doi:10.1016/j.csl.2006.06.008 · Cited by 853
Self-citationAttention-Based Recurrent Neural Network Models for Joint Intent Detection and Slot Filling
Liu, B., & Lane, I. (2016) · Interspeech 2016 · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2016-1352 · Cited by 709
Reasoning about Entailment with Neural Attention
Rocktäschel, T., Grefenstette, E., Hermann, K. M., Kočiský, T., & Blunsom, P. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1509.06664 · Cited by 582
The Second Dialog State Tracking Challenge
Henderson, M., Thomson, B., & Williams, J. D. (2014) · Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL) · doi:10.18653/v1/w14-4337 · Cited by 538
Self-citationThe Hidden Information State model: A practical framework for POMDP-based spoken dialogue management
Young, S., Gašić, M., Keizer, S., Mairesse, F., Schatzmann, J., Thomson, B., & Yu, K. (2010) · Computer Speech & Language · doi:10.1016/j.csl.2009.04.001 · Cited by 481
Self-citation
Cited by
MultiWOZ - A Large-Scale Multi-Domain Wizard-of-Oz Dataset for Task-Oriented Dialogue Modelling
Budzianowski, P., Wen, T.-H., Tseng, B.-H., Casanueva, I., Ultes, S., Ramadan, O., & Gašić, M. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1547 · Cited by 1,028
Self-citationA Survey on Dialogue Systems: Recent Advances and New Frontiers
Chen, H., Liu, X., Yin, D., & Tang, J. (2017) · ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter · doi:10.1145/3166054.3166058 · Cited by 579
The Natural Language Decathlon: Multitask Learning as Question Answering
McCann, B., Keskar, N. S., Xiong, C., & Socher, R. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1806.08730 · Cited by 448
When large language models meet personalization: perspectives of challenges and opportunities
Chen, J., Liu, Z., Huang, X., Wu, C., Liu, Q., Jiang, G., Pu, Y., Lei, Y., Chen, X., Wang, X., et al. (2024) · World Wide Web · doi:10.1007/s11280-024-01276-1 · Cited by 367
“…dialogue systems, a common approach [24, 204] is to treat the response generation as a pipeline and handle it separately using four components: dialogue understanding [205, 206], dialogue state tracking [207–209], dialogue policy learning [24, 210], and natural language generation [211, 212].”
Conversational Agents: Goals, Technologies, Vision and Challenges
Allouch, M., Azaria, A., & Azoulay, R. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21248448 · Cited by 168
Metadata
- Authors
- Mrkšić, N., Ó Séaghdha, D., Wen, T.-H., Thomson, B., & Young, S.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
- Published
- 2017
- Pages
- 1777-1788
- OpenAlex
- W2432549722
- Cited by
- 459
- References
- 37
- FWCI
- 28.20
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Neural Belief Tracker: Data-Driven Dialogue State Tracking. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.18653/v1/p17-1163
- The paper
- Mrkšić, N., Ó Séaghdha, D., Wen, T.-H., Thomson, B., & Young, S. (2017). Neural Belief Tracker: Data-Driven Dialogue State Tracking. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-1163
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.