Conversational Agents: Goals, Technologies, Vision and Challenges

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Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendPreprint

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Delivering Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Young Adults With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Fully Automated Conversational Agent (Woebot): A Randomized Controlled Trial

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The rise of social bots

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Natural language processing: state of the art, current trends and challenges

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Building End-To-End Dialogue Systems Using Generative Hierarchical Neural Network Models

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Conversational agents in healthcare: a systematic review

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How NOT To Evaluate Your Dialogue System: An Empirical Study of Unsupervised Evaluation Metrics for Dialogue Response Generation

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Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dialogue Generation

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Personalizing Dialogue Agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?

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Explainable artificial intelligence: A survey

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An Overview of Chatbot Technology

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Chatbots: History, technology, and applications

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Humanizing chatbots: The effects of visual, identity and conversational cues on humanness perceptions

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DIALOGPT : Large-Scale Generative Pre-training for Conversational Response Generation

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MultiWOZ - A Large-Scale Multi-Domain Wizard-of-Oz Dataset for Task-Oriented Dialogue Modelling

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Frontiers: Machines vs. Humans: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Disclosure on Customer Purchases

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Online Human-Bot Interactions: Detection, Estimation, and Characterization

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A Persona-Based Neural Conversation Model

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Towards Empathetic Open-domain Conversation Models: A New Benchmark and Dataset

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Semantically Conditioned LSTM-based Natural Language Generation for Spoken Dialogue Systems

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Real conversations with artificial intelligence: a comparison between human–human online conversations and human–chatbot conversations

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Acceptability of artificial intelligence (AI)-led chatbot services in healthcare: A mixed-methods study

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Emotional Chatting Machine: Emotional Conversation Generation with Internal and External Memory

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The design and implementation of Xiaoice, an empathetic social chatbot

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Survey of the State of the Art in Natural Language Generation: Core tasks, applications and evaluation

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A Neural Network Approach to Context-Sensitive Generation of Conversational Responses

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DailyDialog: A Manually Labelled Multi-turn Dialogue DatasetPreprint

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OpenSubtitles2016: Extracting Large Parallel Corpora from Movie and TV Subtitles

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Building applied natural language generation systems

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A New Chatbot for Customer Service on Social Media

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A Taxonomy of Social Cues for Conversational Agents

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A Survey on Dialogue Systems: Recent Advances and New Frontiers

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How Should My Chatbot Interact? A Survey on Social Characteristics in Human–Chatbot Interaction Design

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Context dependent recurrent neural network language model

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Conversational Agents in Health Care: Scoping Review and Conceptual Analysis

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News from OPUS — A collection of multilingual parallel corpora with tools and interfaces

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Maslow's Hierarchy of NeedsPreprint

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Automatic speech recognition and speech variability: A review

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Survey on Chatbot Design Techniques in Speech Conversation Systems

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Evaluating Quality of Chatbots and Intelligent Conversational AgentsPreprint

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What Makes a Good Conversation?: Challenges in Designing Truly Conversational Agents

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Neural Belief Tracker: Data-Driven Dialogue State Tracking

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A Knowledge-Grounded Neural Conversation Model

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Seven Months with the Devils: A Long-Term Study of Content Polluters on Twitter

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Chatbot for university related FAQs

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Physicians’ perceptions of chatbots in health Care: cross-sectional web-based survey

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Improving social skills in children with ASD using a long-term, in-home social robot

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Word-Based Dialog State Tracking with Recurrent Neural Networks

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Learning Cooperative Visual Dialog Agents with Deep Reinforcement Learning

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What Makes Users Trust a Chatbot for Customer Service? An Exploratory Interview Study

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SuperAgent: A Customer Service Chatbot for E-commerce Websites

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Deal or No Deal? End-to-End Learning of Negotiation Dialogues

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A Survey of Available Corpora For Building Data-Driven Dialogue Systems: The Journal Version

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Towards an Automatic Turing Test: Learning to Evaluate Dialogue Responses

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Survey on evaluation methods for dialogue systems

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Survey of conversational agents in health

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Interactive Technologies for Autistic Children: A Review

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Talk to me: Exploring user interactions with the Amazon Alexa

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The SEMAINE corpus of emotionally coloured character interactions

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A Survey on Conversational Agents/Chatbots Classification and Design Techniques

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Artificial Intelligence-Based Conversational Agents for Chronic Conditions: Systematic Literature Review

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A Survey on Chatbot Implementation in Customer Service Industry through Deep Neural Networks

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Deep Reinforcement Learning for Sequence-to-Sequence Models

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PLATO: Pre-trained Dialogue Generation Model with Discrete Latent Variable

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Explainability in human–agent systems

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Reinforcement Learning for Spoken Dialogue Systems

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RUBER: An Unsupervised Method for Automatic Evaluation of Open-Domain Dialog Systems

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Real versus Template-Based Natural Language Generation: A False Opposition?

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Affective Neural Response Generation

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Recent advances and challenges in task-oriented dialog systems

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AliMe Chat: A Sequence to Sequence and Rerank based Chatbot Engine

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SUGILITE

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Can You Put it All Together: Evaluating Conversational Agents’ Ability to Blend Skills

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MedDialog: Large-scale Medical Dialogue Datasets

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RoboTalk - Prototyping a Humanoid Robot as Speech-to-Sign Language Translator

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Fully Corpus-Based Natural Language Dialogue System

Inui, N., Koiso, T., Nakamura, J., & Kotani, Y. (2003) · Cited by 9 · see citing works

An agent for learning new natural language commands

Azaria, A., Srivastava, S., Krishnamurthy, J., Labutov, I., & Mitchell, T. M. (2019) · Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems · doi:10.1007/s10458-019-09425-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Learning Methods for Rating the Difficulty of Reading Comprehension Questions

Hutzler, D., David, E., Avigal, M., & Azoulay, R. (2014) · Software - Science, Technology and Engineering · doi:10.1109/swste.2014.16 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Review of Interactive Communication Systems for Business-to-Business (B2B) Services

Kaghyan, S., Sarpal, S., Zorilescu, A., & Akopian, D. (2018) · Electronic Imaging · doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2018.06.mobmu-117 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

The BURCHAK corpus: a Challenge Data Set for Interactive Learning of Visually Grounded Word Meanings

Yu, Y., Eshghi, A., Mills, G. J., & Lemon, O. (2017) · Workshop on Vision and Language (VL) · doi:10.18653/v1/w17-2001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Using Chatbots as AI Conversational Partners in Language Learning

Belda-Medina, J., & Calvo-Ferrer, J. R. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12178427 · Cited by 306 · see citing works

Roles, Users, Benefits, and Limitations of Chatbots in Health Care: Rapid Review (Preprint)

Laymouna, M., Ma, Y., Lessard, D., Schuster, T., Engler, K., & Lebouché, B. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.56930 · Cited by 302 · see citing works

Roles, Users, Benefits, and Limitations of Chatbots in Health Care: Rapid Review

Laymouna, M., Ma, Y., Lessard, D., Schuster, T., Engler, K., & Lebouché, B. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/56930 · Cited by 305 · see citing works

A systematic review of artificial intelligence-powered (AI-powered) chatbot intervention for managing chronic illness

Kurniawan, M. H., Handiyani, H., Nuraini, T., Hariyati, R. T. S., & Sutrisno, S. (2024) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2024.2302980 · Cited by 198 · see citing works

Emotionally Intelligent Chatbots: A Systematic Literature Review

Bilquise, G., Ibrahim, S., & Shaalan, K. F. (2022) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/2022/9601630 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

AI-based conversational agents: A scoping review from technologies to future directions

Kusal, S., Patil, S., Choudrie, J., Kotecha, K., Mishra, S., & Abraham, A. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3201144 · Cited by 140 · see citing works

ChatGPT is a Remarkable Tool—For Experts

Azaria, A., Azoulay, R., & Reches, S. (2023) · Data Intelligence · doi:10.1162/dint_a_00235 · Cited by 157 · see citing works

Charting the Evolution and Future of Conversational Agents: A Research Agenda Along Five Waves and New Frontiers

Schöbel, S., Schmitt, A., Benner, D., Saqr, M., Janson, A., & Leimeister, J. M. (2024) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-023-10375-9 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

ChatGPT Usage and LimitationsPreprint

Azaria, A. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/5ue7n · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Pedagogical AI conversational agents in higher education: a conceptual framework and survey of the state of the art

Yusuf, H., Money, A., & Daylamani-Zad, D. (2025) · Educational technology research and development · doi:10.1007/s11423-025-10447-4 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

The use of chatbots in university EFL settings: Research trends and pedagogical implications

Klímová, B., & Ibna Seraj, P. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1131506 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Large language model integrations in cancer decision-making: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hao, Y., Qiu, Z., Holmes, J., Löckenhoff, C. E., Liu, W., Ghassemi, M., & Kalantari, S. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01824-7 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

EmoEden: Applying Generative Artificial Intelligence to Emotional Learning for Children with High-Function Autism

Tang, Y., Chen, L., Chen, Z., Chen, W., Cai, Y., Du, Y., Yang, F., & Sun, L. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642899 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

The Effectiveness of AI Chatbots in Alleviating Mental Distress and Promoting Health Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Feng, X., Tian, L., Ho, G. W. K., Yorke, J., & Hui, V. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/79850 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

A systematic review of chatbots in inclusive healthcare: insights from the last 5 years

Grassini, E., Buzzi, M., Leporini, B., & Vozna, A. (2024) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-024-01118-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Use of chatbots for customer service in MSMEs

Cordero, J., Barba-Guamán, L., & Guamán, F. (2022) · Applied Computing and Informatics · doi:10.1108/aci-06-2022-0148 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Characterizing generative artificial intelligence applications: Text-mining-enabled technology roadmapping

Singh, S., Singh, S., Kraus, S., Sharma, A., & Dhir, S. (2024) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2024.100531 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Infusing behavior science into large language models for activity coaching

Hegde, N., Vardhan, M., Nathani, D., Rosenzweig, E., Speed, C., Karthikesalingam, A., & Seneviratne, M. G. (2024) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000431 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Chatbots in Healthcare: Challenges, Technologies and Applications

Sharma, D., Kaushal, S., Kumar, H., & Gainder, S. (2022) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Speech Technology (AIST) · doi:10.1109/aist55798.2022.10065328 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Exploring the Pedagogical Use of AI-Powered Chatbots Educational Perceptions and Practices

Bekeš, E. R., & Galzina, V. (2023) · International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics · doi:10.23919/mipro57284.2023.10159734 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Enhancing user experience and trust in advanced LLM-based conversational agents

Xu, Y., Gao, W., Wang, Y., Shan, X., & Lin, Y. (2024) · Computing and artificial intelligence. · doi:10.59400/cai.v2i2.1467 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

ChatGPT: More Human-Like Than Computer-Like, but Not Necessarily in a Good Way

Azaria, A. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI) · doi:10.1109/ictai59109.2023.00074 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

A narrative review of the active ingredients in psychotherapy delivered by conversational agents

Herbener, A. B., Klincewicz, M., & Damholdt, M. F. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100401 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Empathetic Conversational Agents: Utilizing Neural and Physiological Signals for Enhanced Empathetic Interactions

Saffaryazdi, N., Gunasekaran, T. S., Loveys, K., Broadbent, E., & Billinghurst, M. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2540500 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

MG-ShopDial: A Multi-Goal Conversational Dataset for e-Commerce

Bernard, N., & Balog, K. (2023) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3539618.3591883 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Can Gestural Filler Reduce User-Perceived Latency in Conversation with Digital Humans?

Kum, J., & Lee, M. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app122110972 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

LLM-mediated domain-specific voice agents: the case of TextileBot

Zhong, S., Gatti, E., Hardwick, J., Ribul, M., Cho, Y., & Obrist, M. (2025) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2025.2456667 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Conversational AI over Military Scenarios Using Intent Detection and Response Generation

Chuang, H.-M., & Cheng, D.-W. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12052494 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Hey Max, Can You Help Me? An Intuitive Virtual Assistant for Industrial Robots

Li, C., Chrysostomou, D., Pinto, D., Hansen, A. K., Bøgh, S., & Madsen, O. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13010205 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Development of a culturally targeted chatbot to inform living kidney donor candidates of African ancestry about APOL1 genetic testing: a mixed methods study

Gordon, E. J., Gacki‐Smith, J., Gooden, M. J., Waite, P., Yacat, R., Abubakari, Z. R., Duquette, D. A., Agrawal, A. H., Friedewald, J. J., Savage, S. K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Community Genetics · doi:10.1007/s12687-024-00698-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Usability, Engagement, and Report Usefulness of Chatbot-Based Family Health History Data Collection: Mixed Methods Analysis

Nguyen, M. H., Sedoc, J., & Taylor, C. O. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/55164 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Exploring the characteristics of conversational agents in chronic disease management interventions: A scoping review

Уэтова, Е., Hederman, L., Ross, R., & O’Sullivan, D. M. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241277693 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Lhia: A Smart Chatbot for Breastfeeding Education and Recruitment of Human Milk Donors

Corrêa, J. D. S., Neto, A. P. D. A., Pinto, G. R., Lima, L. D. B., & Teles, A. S. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13126923 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Empowering Persons with Autism Through Cross-Reality and Conversational Agents

Garzotto, F., Gianotti, M., Patti, A., Pentimalli, F., & Vona, F. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3372110 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Tasks Over Traits: User Perception of Humanlike Features in Goal-Oriented Chatbots

Haresamudram, K., van As, N., & Larsson, S. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2470311 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Customer Service Combining Human Operators and Virtual Agents: A Call for Multidisciplinary AI Research

Kraus, S., Oshrat, Y., Aumann, Y., Hollander, T., Maksimov, O., Ostroumov, A., & Shechtman, N. (2023) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26795 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

The Development of an Emotional Embodied Conversational Agent and the Evaluation of the Effect of Response Delay on User Impression

Jolibois, S., Ito, A., & Nose, T. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15084256 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Beyond Information: Is ChatGPT Empathetic Enough?

Université du Québec à Montréal, C., Belkhir, A., Sadat, F., & Université du Québec à Montréal, C. (2023) · International conference Recent advances in natural language processing · doi:10.26615/978-954-452-092-2_018 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Enhanced V-Net approach for the emotion recognition and sentiment analysis in the healthcare data

Lal, M., & Neduncheliyan, S. (2024) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-024-18364-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Conversational agents in physical and psychological symptom management: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Yang, Q., Cheung, K., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Qin, J., & Xie, Y. J. (2024) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104991 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Conversational User Interfaces and Agents

Biancofiore, G. M., Palma, D. D., Pomo, C., Narducci, F., & Noia, T. D. (2025) · Human-computer interaction series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61375-3_4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

The Usability and Experience of Artificial Intelligence‐Based Conversational Agents in Health Education for Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review

Li, K., Wu, S., Zhang, Y., Zhu, B., Qi, Z., Hou, S., & Wang, W. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.70020 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

A Survey of Conversational Agents and Their Applications for Self-Management of Chronic Conditions

Park, M. S., Upama, P. B., Anik, A. A., Ahamed, S. I., Luo, J., Tian, S., Rabbani, M., & Oh, H. (2023) · IEEE Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) · doi:10.1109/compsac57700.2023.00162 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Conversational Agents for Energy Awareness and Efficiency: A Survey

Sanguinetti, M., & Atzori, M. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13020401 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Co-designing conversational agents with older people: A scoping review of methods, challenges, and a way forward

Salomé, S., du Bousquet, L., & Monfort, E. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100606 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

The Effects of Commercial Conversational Agents on Older Adults’ Mental Health: A Scoping Review

Teo, J. Z. T., Yoong, S. Q., Chan, Y. X., & Jiang, Y. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2025.105523 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Future Skills in the GenAI Era: A Labor Market Classification System Using Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks and Explainable AI

Kavargyris, D. C., Georgiou, K., Papaioannou, E., Moysiadis, T., Mittas, N., & Angelis, L. (2025) · Algorithms · doi:10.3390/a18090554 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Generative AI Research of Education from 2013 to 2023

Huang, G., & Liang, X. (2024) · International Conference on Computer Science and Technologies in Education (CSTE) · doi:10.1109/cste62025.2024.00030 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Designing a Digital Medical Interview Assistant for Radiology

Denecke, K., Čihorić, N., & Reichenpfader, D. (2023) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/shti230012 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Impact of Contradicting Subtle Emotion Cues on Large Language Models with Various Prompting Techniques

Huda, N. U., Sahito, S. F., Gilal, A. R., Abro, A., Alshanqiti, A. M., Alsughayyir, A., & Palli, A. S. (2024) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2024.0150442 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Investigating Day-to-day Experiences with Conversational Agents by Users with Traumatic Brain Injury

Hu, Y., Lim, H., Johnson, H., O'Shaughnessy, J. M., Kakonge, L., Turkstra, L. S., Duff, M. C., Toma, C. L., & Mutlu, B. (2023) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3597638.3608385 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Utilities of Chatbots in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language at Higher Education Institutions

Туйчибаева, Ш. Ш., & Usmanova, A. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60997-8_31 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Exploring the Impact of Explainability on Trust and Acceptance of Conversational Agents – A Wizard of Oz Study

Joshi, R., Graefe, J., Kraus, M., & Bengler, K. J. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60606-9_12 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Conversational Agents to Support Pain Management: A Scoping Review

Souza, F. L., Bowman, H., Yang, F., Hesam‐Shariati, N., Linke, J., Gilanyi, Y. L., Jones, M. D., Z‐Pinto, R., McAuley, J. H., & Rizzo, R. R. N. (2025) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70016 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Sentiment Analysis for Assessing Customer Satisfaction in Chatbot Service Encounters

Rawat, M., Hosseini, S. E., & Pervez, S. (2023) · International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) · doi:10.1109/dese60595.2023.10469554 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Bridging Gaps

Asrifan, A., Shafa, S., Pratiwi, W. R., Bahri, A., Siregar, S. R., & Ingilan, S. S. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7260-9.ch006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Remini: Leveraging Chatbot-Mediated Mutual Reminiscence for Promoting Positive Affect and Feeling of Connectedness among Loved Ones

Jiang, Z., Yeo, S., Xuan, D. S. W., & Perrault, S. T. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757650 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Harnessing automatic speech recognition to realise Sustainable Development Goals 3, 9, and 17 through interdisciplinary partnerships for children with communication disability

Baker, E., Li, W., Hodges, R., Masso, S., Jones, C., Guo, Y., Alt, M., Antoniou, M., Afshar, S., Tosi, K., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549507.2022.2146194 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Threat detection in smart homes: A sociotechnical multimodal conversational approach for improved cyber situational awareness

McDermott, C. D., & Nicho, M. (2025) · International Journal of Information Security · doi:10.1007/s10207-025-01051-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Emotional support through AI: Venting to artificial intelligence or a perceived human may offer comparable emotional well-being benefits

Hu, M., Ho, J. Q. H., Ng, C., Wong, S. S., & Hartanto, A. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101149 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Chatbots: An Overview of Current Issues and Challenges

Fritsch, T. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-53960-2_7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

A Proposed Model of Learners' Acceptance and Trust of Pedagogical Conversational AI

Pitts, G., Marcus, V., & Motamedi, S. (2024) · ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S) · doi:10.1145/3657604.3664682 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Software Smart Agent for Taif University Services

Alghamdi, W. Y., Alkhamash, R. A., Alsufyani, A., Alsuwat, R. D., Alharthi, A. D., Algethami, R. M., & Alazwari, S. S. (2023) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2023.03.011 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Infusing behavior science into large language models for activity coachingPreprint

Vardhan, M., Hegde, N., Nathani, D., Rosenzweig, E., Karthikesalingam, A., & Seneviratne, M. G. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.03.31.23287995 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Bridging HCI and AI Research for the Evaluation of Conversational SE Assistants

Richards, J., & Wessel, M. S. (2025) · IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Bots in Software Engineering (BotSE) · doi:10.1109/botse67031.2025.00009 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Understanding the Digital Transformation of SMEs: A Systematic Review from a Dynamic Capabilities Perspective Across Business, Technology, and Societal Domains

Hu, Y., Jusoh, S., Razak, M. F. A., Yusof, A. R. M., Xie, Q., Chuan, S., & Zong, X. (2026) · Global Review of Humanities Arts and Society · doi:10.63802/grhas.v2.i1.186 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Branching Preferences: Visualizing Non-linear Topic Progression in Conversational Recommender Systems

Suchmann, L. B., Krämer, N. C., & Ziegler, J. (2023) · ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP) · doi:10.1145/3563359.3597380 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Multimodal Interaction for Persons with Autism: The 5A Case Study

Gianotti, M., Patti, A., Vona, F., Pentimalli, F., Barbieri, J., & Garzotto, F. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35681-0_38 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Applications of AI-empowered electric vehicles for voice recognition in Asian and Austronesian languages

Gunarto, H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23814-7.00004-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Attitudes Toward Use of an APOL1 Genetic Testing Chatbot in Living Kidney Donor Evaluation: A Focus Group Study

Rogers, J. L., Gacki‐Smith, J., Yacat, R., Wicklund, C. A. L., Duquette, D. A., Friedewald, J. J., COOPER, M. M., Gilbert, A. J., Agrawal, A. H., & Gordon, E. J. (2024) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.70026 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Leveraging Large Language Models as Simulated Users for Initial, Low-Cost Evaluations of Designed Conversations

de Wit, J. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54975-5_5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

An AI-Powered Multimodal Interaction System for Engaging with Digital Art: A Human-Centered Approach to HCI

Ferracani, A., Ricci, S., Principi, F., Becchi, G., Biondi, N., Bimbo, A. D., Bertini, M., & Pala, P. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93418-6_19 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

"Mango Mango, How to Let The Lettuce Dry Without A Spinner?": Exploring User Perceptions of Using An LLM-Based Conversational Assistant Toward Cooking Partner

Chan, S., Li, J., Yao, B., Mahmood, A., Huang, C., Jimison, H. B., Mynatt, E. D., & Wang, D. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757442 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

The Evolution and Potential of Conversational Agents in Healthcare

Lal, M., & Neduncheliyan, S. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75861-4_18 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Intelligent chatbot dialogue breakdown solutions and challenges: A systematic literature review

Alshawkani, K., & Hussain, F. K. (2025) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2025.114054 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The didactical knowledge of generative artificial intelligence tools: The case of writing mathematics lessons

Daher, W. M., & Anabousy, A. A. (2025) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.29333/ejmste/16769 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Conversational agents and equity in health care systems: a scoping review

Morias, A., & Renmans, D. (2026) · Journal of Health Equity · doi:10.1080/29944694.2025.2606723 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Are AI Companions Real Companions? A BERT ‐Based Study of Replika Reviews

Gautam, C., & Kumar, P. (2026) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.70161 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

AI-Driven Bilingual Talkbot for Academic Counselling

Krishnam, N. P., Bora, A., Swathi, R. S. V. R., Gehlot, A., Prakash, V. C., & Raghu, T. (2023) · International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE) · doi:10.1109/icacite57410.2023.10182802 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Towards a Design Framework for Conversational Agents for Diabetes Prevention

Sawad, A. B., Alakhtar, R. A., Alturki, B., Narayan, B., Lin, S., Prasad, M., & Kocaballi, A. B. (2023) · Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (OzCHI) · doi:10.1145/3638380.3638421 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The Impact of Gender and Personality in Human-AI Teaming: The Case of Collaborative Question Answering

Milella, F., Natali, C., Scantamburlo, T., Campagner, A., & Cabitza, F. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42283-6_19 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

A Conversational Interface Agent for the Export Business Acceleration: A Systematic Review

Jamil, M. B. A. (2023) · Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology · doi:10.54692/lgurjcsit.2023.0702430 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Needs-Assessment for an Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbot for Pharmacists in HIV Care: Results from a Knowledge–Attitudes–Practices Survey

Laymouna, M. A., Ma, Y., Lessard, D., Engler, K., Therrien, R., Schuster, T., Vicente, S., Achiche, S., Haj, M. N. E., Lemire, B., et al. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12161661 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Incorporating Artificial Intelligence into Design Criteria Considerations

Drzyzga, G. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60611-3_10 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Toward personalized persuasive social robots for behavior change in healthcare: a conceptual framework

Maalouly, E., Rossi, A., & Rossi, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2026.1760008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Natural Language Processing in Healthcare: From Unstructured Data to Clinical Intelligence

Kumar, D., Choudhary, N., Gupta, V., Tanwar, R., Bahmani, K., Antal, S., Jarora, S., Gupta, S., Shaikh, M. S., Webster, T. J., et al. (2026) · Intelligent Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.iswa.2026.200698 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Elderly’s Perceptions of a Meaningful Interaction with Voice-Based Conversational Agents: Integrate into daily routines, Support relatedness, But do not hamper autonomy

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Artificial Intelligence in the Media Economy: A Systematic Review of Use Cases, Application Potentials, and Challenges of Generative Language Models

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Artificial Intelligence in the Media Economy: A Systematic Review of Use Cases, Application Potentials, and Challenges of Generative Language Models

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AI Chatbots in Oral Communication for Higher Education Students: Threats or Opportunities

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AdaptiCare: A Psychological Counseling Dialogue Enhancement Framework Based on Multi-Agent Collaboration

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Conversational Agents: Theory and ApplicationsPreprint

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On the Design of and Interaction with Conversational Agents: An Organizing and Assessing Review of Human-Computer Interaction Research

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Cognitively Inspired Components for Social Conversational AgentsPreprint

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