The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Early Exposure and Lifetime Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) on Child Adjustment
Abstract
Children exposed to overwhelming and potentially traumatic events early in their lives are considered at-risk for problems in adjustment. Yet it is not known whether it is the age of first exposure (AFE) to violence or the amount of violence that the child witnessed in their lifetime that has the greatest impact on adjustment. For a sample of 190 children ages 6 to 12 exposed to intimate partner violence, their mothers reported that the average length of their abusive relationship was 10 years. The majority of children were first exposed to family violence as infants (64%), with only 12% first exposed when school-aged. Both the AFE and an estimate of the cumulative amount of violence were significantly and negatively related to children's behavioral problems. However, in regression analyses controlling for child sex, ethnicity, age, and family environment variables, cumulative violence exposure accounted for greater variance in adjustment than did AFE. Furthermore, cumulative violence exposure mediated the relationship between AFE and externalizing behavior problems, indicating that the cumulative exposure to IPV outweighed the AFE in its effect on child adjustment.
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“When controlling for gender, ethnicity, age, and family environment variables, exposure to violence cumulatively over a child's lifetime accounts for more variance in adjustment than a child's age at first exposure (Graham-Bermann & Perkins, 2010).”
From A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH (2014) · cites this paper as Graham-Bermann & Perkins, 2010
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Resilience and psychopathology in children exposed to family violence
Howell, K. H. (2011) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2011.09.001 · Cited by 233
Developmental variations in the impact of intimate partner violence exposure during childhood
Howell, K. H., Barnes, S. E., Miller, L. E., & Graham‐Bermann, S. A. (2014) · Journal of Injury and Violence Research · doi:10.5249/jivr.v8i1.663 · Cited by 206
Self-citationEarly Life Exposure to Violence: Developmental Consequences on Brain and Behavior
Mueller, I., & Tronick, E. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00156 · Cited by 190
Fong, V. C., Hawes, D., & Allen, J. L. (2019) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838017692383 · Cited by 166
Artz, S., Jackson, M. A., Rossiter, K. R., Nijdam-Jones, A., Géczy, I., & Porteous, S. (2014) · International Journal of Child Youth and Family Studies · doi:10.18357/ijcyfs54201413274 · Cited by 142
“When controlling for gender, ethnicity, age, and family environment variables, exposure to violence cumulatively over a child’s lifetime accounts for more variance in adjustment than a child’s age at first exposure (Graham-Bermann & Perkins, 2010).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Perkins, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- ORCID
- Perkins, Suzanne
- Venue
- Violence and Victims
- Publisher
- Springer Publishing Company
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 427-439
- ISSN
- 0886-6708 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7073
- OpenAlex
- W2142845595
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Violence and Victims (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (510499)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH020041)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, children exposed to violence, age of first exposure, child adjustment, behavioral problems, externalizing problems, domestic violence, mediation, child mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Child Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Psychology, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Spouse Abuse, Child of Impaired Parents, Domestic Violence, Age of Onset
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