Pretreatment, Intratreatment, and Posttreatment EEG Imaging of EMDR: Methodology and Preliminary Results From a Single Case
Open accessAbstract
Electroencephalography (EEG), due to its peculiar time and spatial resolution, was used for the first time to fully monitor neuronal activation during the whole eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) session, including the autobiographical script. The present case report describes the dominant cortical activations (Z-score >1.5) during the first EMDR session and in the last session after the client processed the index trauma. During the first EMDR session, prefrontal limbic cortex was essentially activated during script listening and during lateral eye movements in the desensitization phase of EMDR. In the last EMDR session, the prevalent electrical activity was recorded in temporal, parietal, and occipital cortical regions, with a clear leftward lateralization. These findings suggest a cognitive processing of the traumatic event following successful EMDR therapy and support evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during lateral eye movements in the desensitization phase of EMDR.
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Breathing interventions-including controlled breathing, slow-breathing techniques, coherence breathing, brahmari breathing, and breathing at one's resonant frequency-utilize a decrease in respiratory rate, prolonged expiration, breathing against airway resistance, or vibration of the airway to reduce physiological arousal.
“Breathing interventions—including controlled breathing, slow-breathing techniques (from yoga and other Eastern disciplines), coherence breathing, brahmari breathing (“bee breath,” also from yoga), and breathing at ones resonant frequency—utilize a decrease in respiratory rate, prolonged expiration (pranayama), breathing against airway resistance, or vibration of the airway to reduce physiological”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [144]
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- Authors
- Pagani, M., Di Lorenzo, G., Monaco, L., Niolu, C., Siracusano, A., Verardo, A. R., Lauretti, G., Fernandez, I., Nicolais, G., Cogolo, P., & Ammaniti, M.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (IT)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- EMDR Italy Association
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pagani, Marco
- Venue
- Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 42-56
- ISSN
- 1933-3196 (ISSN-L)
- 1933-320X
- OpenAlex
- W2125784915
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of EMDR Practice and Research (publishedVersion)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- EMDR, EEG, brain activation, lateral eye movements, hemispheric lateralization, post-traumatic stress disorder
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