Minimizing Sample Size When Using Exploratory Factor Analysis for Measurement
Abstract
Traditional protocol for the determination of an adequate sample size is power analysis. Such a protocol is not useful when the primary hypothesis focuses on psychometric measurement properties. Traditional psychometrics advises that there should be 10 respondents per item. Both hypothetical and real research examples illustrate the usefulness of subsample analysis in determining that a sample size of at least 50 and not more than 100 subjects is adequate to represent and evaluate the psychometric properties of measures of social constructs. The "10 respondents per item" advice builds a sample size disincentive into the research design; it also represents "sample size overkill." Sample-size overkill occurs when the research design specifies a number of cases needed, which is in excess of the number actually needed for a desired inference.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Sapnas and Zeller showed that 50 to 100 participants can suffice when items are strongly inter-related.
“Sapnas & Zeller (2002) demonstrate that sample sizes between 50 and 100 can be adequate when items are highly inter-related.”
From The Brief Serenity Scale (2009) · cites this paper as Sapnas & Zeller (2002)
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,888 · see citing works
(1991) · Cited by 15,554 · see citing works
Nunnally, J. C. 1.-1., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994) · Cited by 9,365 · see citing works
Reliability and Validity Assessment
Carmines, E., & Zeller, R. (1979) · doi:10.4135/9781412985642 · Cited by 5,884 · see citing works
Self-citationSample size in factor analysis.
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.4.1.84 · Cited by 5,497 · see citing works
Reliability and Validity Assessment
Kurian, G. T. (2011) · CQ Press eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781608712434.n1341 · Cited by 5,045 · see citing works
An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis
Kline, P. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315788135 · Cited by 3,328 · see citing works
The Scientific Use of Factor Analysis in Behavioral and Life Sciences
Cattell, R. B. (1978) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2262-7 · Cited by 2,165 · see citing works
Asher, H. B. (1976) · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Arrindell, W. A., & van der Ende, J. (1985) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662168500900205 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
The New Psychometrics: Science, Psychology and Measurement
Kline, P. (1998) · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Ten measurement commandments that often should be broken
Knapp, T. R., & Brown, J. K. (1995) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770180511 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Multiple Indicators in Survey Research
Curtis, R. F., & Jackson, E. F. (1962) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/223309 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Multiple Indicators and the Causal Approach to Measurement Error
Blalock, H. M., & Costner, H. L. (1969) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/224771 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Development and testing of the codependency assessment tool
Hughes-Hammer, C., Martsolf, D. S., & Zeller, R. A. (1998) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/s0883-9417(98)80036-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychometric properties of the driving practices questionnaire: Assessment of risky driving
Kidd, P. S., & Huddleston, S. (1994) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770170108 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sapnas, K. G. (1999) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 20 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Five-Step Guide for Novices
Williams, B. A., Onsman, A., & Brown, T. (2010) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine · doi:10.33151/ajp.8.3.93 · Cited by 2,967 · see citing works
Exploratory Factor Analysis With Small Sample Sizes
de Winter, J., Dodou, D., & Wieringa, P. A. (2009) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273170902794206 · Cited by 1,211 · see citing works
Exploratory Factor Analysis; Concepts and Theory
Taherdoost, H., Sahibuddin, S., & Jalaliyoon, N. (2014) · HAL · Cited by 394 · see citing works
The development and initial validation of the cyberchondria severity scale (CSS)
McElroy, E., & Shevlin, M. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.12.007 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Dimensionality of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A systematic review
Manzar, M. D., BaHammam, A. S., Hameed, U. A., Spence, D. W., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Moscovitch, A., & Streiner, D. L. (2018) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-018-0915-x · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Mastery and performance goals predict epistemic and relational conflict regulation.
Darnon, C., Dominique Muller, B., Schrager, S. M., Pannuzzo, N., & Butera, F. (2006) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.98.4.766 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in Quantitative Researches and Practical Considerations
Sürücü, L., Yıkılmaz, İ., & Maşlakçı, A. (2024) · Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1183271 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Lentz, T. A., Beneciuk, J. M., Bialosky, J. E., Zeppieri, G., Dai, Y., Wu, S. S., & George, S. Z. (2016) · Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6487 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
White, K. A. (2014) · Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.3928/01484834-20131118-05 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Panikratova, Y. R., Vlasova, R. M., Akhutina, T. V., Korneev, A. A., Sinitsyn, V. E., & Pechenkova, E. V. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.02.013 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Development and Validation of a Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students (SCQ-AS)
Paiva, P. C. P., de Paiva, H. N., Filho, P. M. D. O., Lamounier, J. A., Ferreira, E. F. E., Ferreira, R. C., Kawachi, I. I., & Zarzar, P. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103785 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The health care relationship (HCR) trust scale: Development and psychometric evaluation
Bova, C., Fennie, K., Watrous, E., Dieckhaus, K. D., & Williams, A. B. (2006) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20158 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Measuring Leadership Practices of Nurses Using the Leadership Practices Inventory
Tourangeau, A. E., & McGilton, K. S. (2004) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200405000-00005 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Stakeholders’ perceptions of factors affecting the credibility of sustainability reports
Xiao, X., & Shailer, G. (2021) · The British Accounting Review · doi:10.1016/j.bar.2021.101002 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Measurement Error, Issues and Solutions
Zeller, R. A. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Social Measurement · doi:10.1016/b0-12-369398-5/00109-2 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationPancreatitis quality of life instrument: A psychometric evaluation
Wassef, W., DeWitt, J., McGreevy, K., Wilcox, M., Whitcomb, D., Yadav, D., Amann, S., Mishra, G., Alkaade, S., Romagnuolo, J., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.225 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Kreitzer, M. J., Gross, C. R., Waleekhachonloet, O.-A., Reilly-Spong, M., & Byrd, M. (2009) · Journal of Holistic Nursing · doi:10.1177/0898010108327212 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
O'Brien, D. T., & Wilson, D. S. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022803 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Echevarría-Guanilo, M. E., Gonçalves, N., & Romanoski, P. J. (2019) · Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2017-0311 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lin, Y., & Wang, L. S. (2009) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2009.10.016 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Yoo, G. E., & Kim, S. J. (2018) · Journal of Music Therapy · doi:10.1093/jmt/thy013 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Wang, D., Zhu, F., Xi, S., Niu, L., Tebes, J. K., Xiao, S., & Yu, Y. (2021) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s320126 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Tanglakmankhong, K., Perrin, N., & Lowe, N. K. (2010) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05479.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Ferreira, E., Dantas, R. A. S., Rossi, L. A., & Ciol, M. A. (2008) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2007.12.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Santos, J. J. A. D., Costa, T. A. D., Guilherme, J. H., Silva, W. C. D., Abentroth, L. R. L., Krebs, J. A., & Sotoriva, P. (2015) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.61.03.209 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Zauszniewski, J. A., Bekhet, A. K., & Suresky, M. J. (2008) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390308315612 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Perception of food manufacturers towards adoption of halal food supply chain in Malaysia
Azmi, F. R., Abdullah, A., Musa, H., & Mahmood, W. H. W. (2019) · Journal of Islamic marketing · doi:10.1108/jima-12-2018-0236 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Syrjala, K. L., Stover, A. C., Yi, J. C., Artherholt, S. B., & Abrams, J. R. (2009) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1572 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Index of sources of stress in nursing students: a confirmatory factor analysis
Gibbons, C., Dempster, M., & Moutray, M. (2009) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.04972.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Moon, S., Kim, D. H., Kim, E. J., Kim, Y.-J., & Lee, S. (2013) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2013.06.014 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Granek, L., Nakash, O., Cohen, M., Ben-David, M. A., & Ariad, S. (2016) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4289 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
van Randenborgh, A., de Jong‐Meyer, R., & Hüffmeier, J. (2009) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.651 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Groulx, M. W., Lewis, J., Lemieux, C. J., & Dawson, J. (2014) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.09.002 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Grooten, L., Vrijhoef, H. J., Calciolari, S., Ortiz, L. G. G., Janečková, M., Minkman, M. M. N., & Devroey, D. (2019) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-019-0704-1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Validation of the Persian version of the Burn Specific Health Scale – Brief
Pishnamazi, Z., Rejeh, N., Heravi‐Karimooi, M., & Vaismoradi, M. (2012) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2012.05.002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students' Experiences in Mainstream and Separate Postsecondary Education
Richardson, J. T. E., Marschark, M. C., Sarchet, T., & Sapere, P. (2010) · The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/deafed/enq030 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Giuffrida, M. A., Brown, D. C., Ellenberg, S. S., & Farrar, J. T. (2018) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.252.9.1073 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hu, F., Lin, C., Yueh, F.-R., Lo, Y., & Lin, C. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-02918-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Butera, K. A., George, S. Z., & Lentz, T. A. (2019) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2019.09.003 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dantas, R. A. S., Silva, F. S. E., & Ciol, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.12157 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Development and Initial Validation of the Sexual Minority Women Rejection Sensitivity Scale
Dyar, C., Feinstein, B. A., Eaton, N. R., & London, B. E. (2015) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684315608843 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Influence of Spirituality and Modesty on Acceptance of Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening
Dareng, E., Jedy-Agba, E. E., Bamisaye, P., Modibbo, F. I., Oyeneyin, L. O., Adewole, A., Olaniyan, O., Dakum, P., Pharoah, P. D. P., & Adebamowo, C. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141679 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Nuis, W., Segers, M. S. R., & Beausaert, S. A. J. (2023) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-023-01042-8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Syrjala, K. L., Yi, J. C., & Langer, S. L. (2015) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3861 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
George, S. Z., Beneciuk, J. M., Bialosky, J. E., Lentz, T. A., Zeppieri, G., Pei, Q., & Wu, S. S. (2015) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5900 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Exploring challenges to implementing health and safety regulations in a developing economy
Famakin, I. O., Aigbavboa, C. O., & Ramabodu, M. (2020) · International Journal of Construction Management · doi:10.1080/15623599.2020.1850201 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Graham-Schmidt, K., Martin-Iverson, M. T., Holmes, N. P., & Waters, F. (2014) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-014-0748-6 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Looman, W. S. (2006) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20148 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Owusu‐Manu, D., Debrah, C., Amissah, L., Edwards, D. J., & Chileshe, N. (2020) · Engineering Construction & Architectural Management · doi:10.1108/ecam-03-2020-0149 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Zauszniewski, J. A., & Bekhet, A. K. (2013) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2013.11.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Skela‐Savič, B., & Kiger, A. M. (2015) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.04.003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Development of the social capital questionnaire in Greece
Kritsotakis, G., Koutis, A. D., Alegakis, A. K., & Philalithis, A. E. (2008) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20250 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Raines, J. M., Edwards, K. R., Sherman, M. F., Higginson, C. I., Winnick, J. B., Navin, K. S., Gettings, J. M., Conteh, F., Bennett, S. M., & Specht, M. W. (2017) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-017-1818-4 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Nunayon, S. S., Olanipekun, E. A., & Famakin, I. O. (2020) · International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education · doi:10.1108/ijshe-03-2019-0125 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Yang, Z. Y., Sun, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, C., & Wang, A. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01426-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
On-line and Off-line Assesment of Metacognition
Karakelle, Ş., & Biryan, S. S. (2012) · lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Factors Influencing Nurses' Participation in Clinical Research
Jacobson, A. F., Warner, A. M., Fleming, E., & Schmidt, B. (2008) · Gastroenterology Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.sga.0000324112.63532.a2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Validity and reliability of the Questionnaire for Compliance with Standard Precaution
Valim, M. D., Marziale, M. H. P., Hayashida, M., Rocha, F. L. R., & Santos, J. L. F. (2015) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005975 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ramos, T. D., de Brito, M. J. A., Piccolo, M. S., Rosella, M. F. N. D. S. M., Neto, M. S., & Ferreira, L. M. (2016) · Sao Paulo Medical Journal · doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2016.0068160416 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Dinç, L., Korkmaz, F., & Karabulut, E. (2012) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0084-y · Cited by 34 · see citing works
An initial analysis of software engineers’ attitudes towards organizational change
Lenberg, P., Tengberg, L. G. W., & FELDT, R. H. (2016) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-016-9482-0 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Project Complexity Influence on Project management performance – The Malaysian perspective
Abdou, S. M., Yong, K., & Othman, M. E. (2016) · MATEC Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/matecconf/20166600065 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sanusi, F. A., & Johl, S. K. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10038 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms structure in first episode psychosis
Lyne, J., Renwick, L., Grant, T., Kinsella, A., McCarthy, P., Malone, K. M., Turner, N., O’Callaghan, E., & Clarke, M. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.008 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Does Ideology Transcend Culture? A Preliminary Examination in Romania
Krauss, S. W. (2006) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00408.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gallardo‐Vázquez, D., Herrador-Alcaide, T. C., & Sánchez-Domínguez, J. D. L. C. (2023) · Review of Managerial Science · doi:10.1007/s11846-023-00658-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mahony, D. T. (2010) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-010-0108-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Measuring the Academic Skills of University Students: Evaluation of a diagnostic procedure
Erling, E. J., & Richardson, J. T. E. (2010) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2010.08.002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Butera, K. A., Lentz, T. A., Beneciuk, J. M., & George, S. Z. (2016) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20150377 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Developing the Stroke Exercise Preference Inventory (SEPI)
Bonner, N. S., O’Halloran, P., Bernhardt, J. A., & Cumming, T. B. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164120 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Psychometric Analysis of the Emotional Tone Rating Scale: A Measure of Person-Centered Communication
Williams, K. N., Boyle, D. K., Herman, R. E., Coleman, C., & Hummert, M. L. (2012) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2012.702648 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dai, L., Deng, L., Wang, W., Li, Y., Wang, L., Liang, T., Liao, X., Cho, J., Sonne, C., Lam, S. S., et al. (2023) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.107775 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Davoudi, M., Sadoughi, M., Pourshahbaz, A., Dolatshahi, B., & Astaneh, A. N. (2023) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-023-06474-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bandari, R., Heravi‐Karimooi, M., Rejeh, N., Mirmohammadkhani, M., Vaismoradi, M., & Snelgrove, S. R. (2015) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/1744987115591868 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Key barriers to the implementation of energy-management strategies in building construction projects
Enshassi, A., Ayash, A., & Mohamed, S. (2018) · International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation · doi:10.1108/ijbpa-09-2017-0043 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Yanış, H., & Yürük, N. (2020) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2020.1784065 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Looman, W. S., & Farrag, S. (2008) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.07.010 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Patnaik, J., & Tarei, P. K. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131204 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Syrjala, K. L., Yi, J. C., Artherholt, S. B., Stover, A. C., & Abrams, J. R. (2010) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-010-0126-x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hay, I., Wright, S., WATSON, J. M., Allen, J. M., Beswick, K., & Cranston, N. C. (2016) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2016.02.004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Foster, M., Whitehead, L., & Arabiat, D. H. (2019) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14099 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Identification and assessment of hidden capacities of urban resilience
Ghouchani, M., Taji, M., Roshan, A. Y., & Chehr, M. S. (2020) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-020-00752-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Sun, L., & Zhou, L. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13236-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Assunção, F. F. D. O., Dantas, R. A. S., Ciol, M. A., Gonçalves, N., Farina, J. A., & Rossi, L. A. (2013) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.21538 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Waye, K. P., KAMP, I. V., & Dellve, L. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002408 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Gündüz, G. F., & Selvi, K. (2016) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2016.041011 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Constraints to Open Innovation in Science and Technology Parks
Demirbağ, K. Ş., & Yıldırım, N. (2016) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.073 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Lamash, L., & Josman, N. (2020) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.011 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of the Impact of Event Scale (IES): version for Brazilian burn victims
Echevarría-Guanilo, M. E., Dantas, R. A. S., Farina, J. A., Alonso, J., Rajmil, L., & Rossi, L. A. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03607.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Factor structure of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 among a low-income and racial minority population
Khalsa, A. S., Stough, C. O., Garr, K., Copeland, K. A., Kharofa, R. Y., & Woo, J. G. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.104390 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Validity and Reliability Testing of a Consumer-Based Cultural Competency Inventory
Cornelius, L. J., Booker, N. C., Arthur, T. E., Reeves, I., & Morgan, O. (2004) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731503257886 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Adherence and uncertainty during rehabilitation for urinary incontinence: Validation of a scale
Terzoni, S., Parozzi, M., Mora, C., Marconi, P., Wallace, E., Gaia, G., Maruccia, S., Sighinolfi, M. C., Lusignani, M., Pinna, B., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Urological Nursing · doi:10.1111/ijun.12426 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Deng, D., Ye, C., Tong, K., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f14112267 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Echevarría-Guanilo, M. E., Dantas, R. A. S., Farina, J. A., Faber, A. W., Alonso, J., Rajmil, L., & Rossi, L. A. (2010) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.05.015 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Design and Preliminary Testing of the Caregiver-Centered Communication Questionnaire (CCCQ)
Demiris, G., Ganz, F. D., Han, C. J., Pike, K. C., Oliver, D. P., & Washington, K. T. (2019) · Journal of Palliative Care · doi:10.1177/0825859719887239 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ribeiro, M. S., Bacalá, B. T., Alvarenga, W. D. A., Nascimento, L. C., McAllister, M., & Flória‐Santos, M. (2020) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104018 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Validity and reliability of the tuberculosis-related stigma scale version for Brazilian Portuguese
Crispim, J. D. A., da Silva, L. M. C., Yamamura, M., Popolin, M. P., Ramos, A. C. V., Arroyo, L. H., de Queiroz, A. A. R., Belchior, A. D. S., dos Santos, D. T., Pieri, F. M., et al. (2017) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2615-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Smith, P. G., & Zelkowski, J. (2022) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2022.2048145 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Positive Aspects of Caregiving Questionnaire
Abdollahpour, I., Nedjat, S., Noroozıan, M., Salimi, Y., & Majdzadeh, R. (2017) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988716686831 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Factor analyzing project management practices in the United Arab Emirates
Ajmal, M. M., Malik, M., & Saber, H. (2017) · International Journal of Managing Projects in Business · doi:10.1108/ijmpb-03-2017-0027 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sapnas, K. G., & Zeller, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Kent State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Nursing Measurement
- Publisher
- Springer Publishing Company
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 135-154
- ISSN
- 1061-3749 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7049
- OpenAlex
- W2088701782
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Nursing Measurement (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Miami
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- sample size determination, exploratory factor analysis, psychometric assessment, power analysis, measurement properties
- MeSH terms
- Computer Simulation, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Monte Carlo Method, Psychometrics, Likelihood Functions, Sample Size
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
