The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
NATURAL RATES OF TEACHER APPROVAL AND DISAPPROVAL IN THE CLASSROOM
Open accessAbstract
Sixteen classroom observational studies were conducted to determine natural rates of teacher verbal approval and disapproval in the classroom. Rates of teacher verbal approval and disapproval were measured by the Teacher Approval and Disapproval Observation Record (TAD) over Grades 1 through 12. Teacher verbal approval rates dropped over grade, with a marked drop after second grade. In every grade after second, the rate of teacher verbal disapproval exceeded the rate of teacher verbal approval. These rates are interpreted in terms of reinforcement theory.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
RULES, PRAISE, AND IGNORING: ELEMENTS OF ELEMENTARY CLASSROOM CONTROL1
Madsen, C. H., Becker, W. C., & Thomas, D. R. (1968) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1968.1-139 · Cited by 540
Thomas, D. R., Becker, W. C., & Armstrong, M. (1968) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1968.1-35 · Cited by 347
The Contingent Use of Teacher Attention and Praise in Reducing Classroom Behavior Problems
Becker, W. C., Madsen, C. H., Arnold, C. R., & Thomas, D. R. (1967) · The Journal of Special Education · doi:10.1177/002246696700100307 · Cited by 334
THE ALTERATION OF BEHAVIOR IN A SPECIAL CLASSROOM SITUATION
Zimmerman, E. H., & Zimmerman, J. (1962) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1962.5-59 · Cited by 169
EFFECTS OF ADULT SOCIAL REINFORCEMENT ON CHILD BEHAVIOR.
Harris, F. R. (1964) · Cited by 133
Praise and blame as incentives.
Kennedy, W. A., & Willcutt, H. C. (1964) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0042917 · Cited by 75
Hughes, D. C. (1973) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312010001021 · Cited by 63
Review of Research Involving Applied Behavior Analysis in the Classroom
Hanley, E. M. (1970) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543040005597 · Cited by 42
Witmer, J. M., Bornstein, A. V., & Dunham, R. M. (1971) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-4405(71)90093-8 · Cited by 33
Cited by
Assessing the Clinical or Applied Importance of Behavior Change through Social Validation
Kazdin, A. E. (1977) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/014544557714001 · Cited by 1,117
Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers
Alberto, P., Troutman, A., Axe, J. B., & Simmons University, B. (2024) · ABA España eBooks · doi:10.26741/978-84-09-59866-3 · Cited by 956
PREVENTING ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN THE SCHOOLS
Mayer, G. R. (1995) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1995.28-467 · Cited by 340
Leadership Behaviors in Sport: A Theoretical Model and Research Paradigm1
Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (1989) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01462.x · Cited by 324
DuPaul, G. J., & Weyandt, L. L. (2006) · International Journal of Disability, Development and Education · doi:10.1080/10349120600716141 · Cited by 175
Metadata
- Authors
- White, M. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1975-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 367-372
- ISSN
- 0021-8855 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-3703
- OpenAlex
- W2058499463
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 8.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: NATURAL RATES OF TEACHER APPROVAL AND DISAPPROVAL IN THE CLASSROOM. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1901/jaba.1975.8-367
- The paper
- White, M. A. (1975). NATURAL RATES OF TEACHER APPROVAL AND DISAPPROVAL IN THE CLASSROOM. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1975.8-367
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
