CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 2,644Behavioral and Psychological StudiesSuicide and Self-Harm StudiesAutism Spectrum Disorder Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Toward a functional analysis of self-injury

Open access
Iwata, Brian A., Dorsey, Michael F., Slifer, Keith J., Bauman, Kenneth E., Richman, Gina S.·1994·Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197PMC PMC1297798
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

This study describes the use of an operant methodology to assess functional relationships between self‐injury and specific environmental events. The self‐injurious behaviors of nine developmentally disabled subjects were observed during periods of brief, repeated exposure to a series of analogue conditions. Each condition differed along one or more of the following dimensions: (1) play materials (present vs absent), (2) experimenter demands (high vs low), and (3) social attention (absent vs noncontingent vs contingent). Results showed a great deal of both between and within‐subject variability. However, in six of the nine subjects, higher levels of self‐injury were consistently associated with a specific stimulus condition, suggesting that within‐subject variability was a function of distinct features of the social and/or physical environment. These data are discussed in light of previously suggested hypotheses for the motivation of self‐injury, with particular emphasis on their implications for the selection of suitable treatments.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197

Cites

50 of 50 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 49 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Accreditation Council for Facilities for the Mentally Retarded., 1971, Standards for residential facilities for the mentally retarded
  2. Parrish J. M., 1980, The effects of protective equipment on self‐injurious behavior, The Behavior Therapist, 3, 28
  3. Ulman J. D., 1975, Behavior analysis: Areas of research and application
  4. Young J. A., 1974, The effects of the reinforcement of compatible and incompatible alternative behaviors on the self‐injurious and related behaviors of a profoundly retarded female adult, Behavior Therapy, 5, 614

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,004

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S.
Affiliations
  • Kennedy Center (DK)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Iwata, Brian A.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1994-06
Volume
27
Issue
2
Pages
197-209
ISSN
  • 0021-8855 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-3703
DOI
10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197
PMC
PMC1297798
OpenAlex
W2068705155
Cited by
2,644
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 50 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 104 · 2013: 121 · 2012: 117
FWCI
51.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 6846 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Public Health Service (000-917-15-0)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Keywords
self-harm, functional analysis, developmental disabilities, social attention, play materials, within-person variability, treatment selection
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Intellectual Disability, Reinforcement, Psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Task Performance and Analysis, Self-Injurious Behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review