Cited by 2,644Behavioral and Psychological StudiesSuicide and Self-Harm StudiesAutism Spectrum Disorder Research

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Toward a functional analysis of self-injury

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Iwata, Brian A., Dorsey, Michael F., Slifer, Keith J., Bauman, Kenneth E., Richman, Gina S.·1994·Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis

DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197PMC PMC1297798

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Abstract

This study describes the use of an operant methodology to assess functional relationships between self‐injury and specific environmental events. The self‐injurious behaviors of nine developmentally disabled subjects were observed during periods of brief, repeated exposure to a series of analogue conditions. Each condition differed along one or more of the following dimensions: (1) play materials (present vs absent), (2) experimenter demands (high vs low), and (3) social attention (absent vs noncontingent vs contingent). Results showed a great deal of both between and within‐subject variability. However, in six of the nine subjects, higher levels of self‐injury were consistently associated with a specific stimulus condition, suggesting that within‐subject variability was a function of distinct features of the social and/or physical environment. These data are discussed in light of previously suggested hypotheses for the motivation of self‐injury, with particular emphasis on their implications for the selection of suitable treatments.

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Authors: Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S.
Affiliations: Kennedy Center (DK)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Iwata, Brian A.
ORCID: Iwata, Brian A.
Slifer, Keith J.
Venue: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1994-06
Volume: 27
Issue: 2
Pages: 197-209
ISSN: 0021-8855 (ISSN-L)
1938-3703
DOI: 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197
PMC: PMC1297798
OpenAlex: W2068705155
Cited by: 2,644
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 104 · 2013: 121 · 2012: 117
FWCI: 51.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 6846 d)
Locations: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (000-917-15-0)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Keywords: self-harm, functional analysis, developmental disabilities, social attention, play materials, within-person variability, treatment selection
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Intellectual Disability, Reinforcement, Psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Task Performance and Analysis, Self-Injurious Behavior

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Toward a functional analysis of self-injury

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