Optimal choice
Open accessAbstract
We present a classification and theoretical analysis of discrete-trial and free-operant choice procedures in which reinforcement is assigned to one alternative only, or independently to both, is either always available or conditionally available, and is either "held" or not from trial to trial. Momentary-maximizing and (globally) optimal choice sequences are defined in terms of initializing and marker events. Free-operant choice is analyzed in terms of a clock space whose axes are the times since the last A and B choices. The analysis shows that most molar matching data are derivable from momentary maximizing, and that the momentary-maximizing hypothesis has not been adequately tested in either discrete-trial or free-operant situations.
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For tasks like ours, maximizing reinforcer rate is closely approximated when subjects match the proportion of choices allocated to an alternative to the proportion of reinforcers received from choosing it.
“In fact, for tasks like ours, maximizing reinforcer rate is closely approximated when subjects match the proportion of choices allocated to an alternative to the proportion of reinforcers received from choosing it (Houston & McNamara, 1981; Staddon et al., 1981).”
From DYNAMIC RESPONSE-BY-RESPONSE MODELS OF MATCHING BEHAVIOR IN RHESUS MONKEYS (2005) · cites this paper as Staddon et al., 1981
Houston and McNamara (1981) prove that reinforcer rate is maximized by repeating a deterministic sequence; an optimal subject would choose the rich alternative a fixed number of times followed by a single choice of the lean alternative.
“Houston and McNamara (1981) prove that reinforcer rate is maximized by repeating a deterministic sequence; an optimal subject would choose the rich alternative a fixed number of times (dictated by the particular schedules) followed by a single choice of the lean alternative (see also Staddon et al., 1981).”
From DYNAMIC RESPONSE-BY-RESPONSE MODELS OF MATCHING BEHAVIOR IN RHESUS MONKEYS (2005) · cites this paper as Staddon et al., 1981
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- Authors
- Staddon, J. E. R., Hinson, J. M., & Kram, R.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Staddon, J. E. R.
- Venue
- Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1981-05
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 397-412
- ISSN
- 0022-5002 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-3711
- PMC
- PMC1333092
- OpenAlex
- W4238929533
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 21.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- optimal choice, reinforcement schedules, choice sequences
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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