Cited by 349Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchPeriodontal Regeneration and TreatmentsOral and gingival health research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Effectiveness of Subgingival Scaling and Root Planing in Calculus Removal

Open access

Rabbani, Guity M., Ash, Major M., Caffesse, Raul G.·1981·Journal of Periodontology

DOI 10.1902/jop.1981.52.3.119

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

T his study presents an evaluation of the effectiveness of subgingival scaling and root planing related to depth of pocket and type of teeth. A total of 119 teeth in 25 patients were selected; 62 were scaled and 57 were used as controls. All teeth were initially scored using the calculus index of the P.D.I. (Ramfjord). Six surface locations were probed to determine pocket depth. The levels of the gingival margin were marked on the teeth to locate supra and subgingival calculus after extraction. The experimental teeth then were scaled. Both scaled and unsealed teeth were extracted immediately after the experimental procedures. The teeth were washed with water and stained with methylene blue. They were viewed under a stereomicroscope which had a tenth grid on its eyepiece. Percent of surface covered by calculus was assessed on both scaled and unsealed teeth. The results demonstrated a high correlation between percent of residual calculus and pocket depth. It was shown that pockets less than 3 mm were the easiest sites for scaling and root planing. Pocket depths between 3 to 5 mm were more difficult to scale and pockets deeper than 5 mm were the most difficult. Tooth type did not influence the results.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1902/jop.1981.52.3.119

Cites

16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)
Ramfjord, S. P. (1967) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1967.38.6.602 · Cited by 456
Healing of the Dento‐Epithelial Junction Following Subgingival Plaque Control: II: As Observed on Extracted Teeth
Wærhaug, J. (1978) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.3.119 · Cited by 438
Combined Effect of Subgingival Scaling and Controlled Oral Hygiene on the Incidence of Gingivitis
Lövdal, A., Arno, A., Schei, O., & Werhaug, J. (1961) · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016356109043406 · Cited by 252
Incidence of clinical manifestations of periodontal disease in light of oral hygiene and calculus formation
Lovdal, A., Arno, A., & Waerhaug, J. (1958) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1958.0021 · Cited by 225
The Effectiveness of in Vivo Root Planing in Removing Bacterial Endotoxin from the Roots of Periodontally Involved Teeth
Jones, W. A., & O'Leary, T. J. (1978) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.7.337 · Cited by 221
Furcation Morphology Relative to Periodontal Treatment: Furcation Entrance Architecture
Bower, R. C. (1979) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1979.50.1.23 · Cited by 193
The Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)
Ramfjord, S. P. (1967) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1967.38.6_part2.602 · Cited by 178
Healing of the Dentoepithelial Junction following Subgingival Plaque Control: I. As Observed in Human Biopsy Material
Waerhaug, J. (1978) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.1.1 · Cited by 153
Tooth surfaces treated in situ with periodontal instruments. Scanning electron microscopic studies
Jones, S. J., Lozdan, J., & BOYDE, A. (1972) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4802798 · Cited by 150
Correlation Between Plaque and Gingivitis
Ash, M. M., Gitlin, B. N., & Smith, W. A. J. (1964) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1964.35.5.424 · Cited by 135
Self-citation

Show all 16 references

Sorted by citations

Current Concepts in the Management of Periodontitis
Kwon, T., Lamster, I. B., & Levin, L. (2020) · International Dental Journal · doi:10.1111/idj.12630 · Cited by 1,192
“The efficiency of subgingival calculus removal decreases as the probing depth increases.(104,105) Thus, for areas with persistently deep periodontal probing”
Background
Non‐Surgical Pocket Therapy: Mechanical
Cobb, C. M. (1996) · Annals of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/annals.1996.1.1.443 · Cited by 595
Clinical significance of non‐surgical periodontal therapy: an evidence‐based perspective of scaling and root planing
Cobb, C. M. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.29.s2.4.x · Cited by 566
Periodontal Disease
Williams, R. C. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199002083220606 · Cited by 489
Comparison of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of periodontal disease A review of current studies and additional results after 6 1/2 years
Pihlstrom, B. L., McHuon, R. B., Oliphant, T. H., & Ortiz‐Campos, C. (1983) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1983.tb02182.x · Cited by 412
Recolonization of a subgingival microbiota following scaling in deep pockets
Magnusson, I., Lindhe, J., Yoneyama, T., & Liljenberg, B. (1984) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1984.tb01323.x · Cited by 379
Scaling and root planing with and without periodontal flap surgery
Caffesse, R. G., Sweeney, P. L., & Smith, B. A. (1986) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb01461.x · Cited by 360
“Since no significant difference in effectiveness of scaling had previously been found among different types of teeth (Rabbani et al. 1981), any tooth type was deemed acceptable for use.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
4 modalities of periodontal treatment compared over 5 years*
Ramfjord, S. P., Caffesse, R. G., Morrison, E. C., Hill, R. W., Kerry, G. J., Appleberry, E. A., Nissle, R. R., & Stults, D. L. (1987) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1987.tb02249.x · Cited by 358
Self-citation
Nonsurgical periodontal therapy
Drisko, C. H. (2001) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0757.2001.22250106.x · Cited by 354
Surgical and nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Learned and unlearned concepts
Heitz‐Mayfield, L. J. A., & Lang, N. P. (2013) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12008 · Cited by 336
Short‐term clinical effects of adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in periodontal treatment: a randomized clinical trial
Braun, A., Dehn, C., Krause, F., & Jepsen, S. V. (2008) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01303.x · Cited by 302
In vivo and in vitro effects of an Er:YAG laser, a GaAlAs diode laser, and scaling and root planing on periodontally diseased root surfaces: A comparative histologic study
Schwarz, F., Sculean, A., Berakdar, M., Szathmari, L., Georg, T., & Becker, J. (2003) · Lasers in Surgery and Medicine · doi:10.1002/lsm.10179 · Cited by 274
“A percentage of squares with calculus was then calculated [36].”
Method
“Critical probing depths” in periodontal therapy
Lindhe, J., Socransky, S. S., Nyman, S. R., Haffajee, A. D., & Westfelt, E. (1982) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1982.tb02099.x · Cited by 261
Improvement of periodontal status by green tea catechin using a local delivery system: A clinical pilot study
Hirasawa, M., Takada, K., Makimura, M., & Otake, S. (2002) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0765.2002.01640.x · Cited by 251
Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on hard and soft tissues
Adriaens, P. A., & Adriaens, L. M. (2004) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2004.03676.x · Cited by 221
Treatment of periodontal disease by photodisinfection compared to scaling and root planing.
Andersen, R. C., Loebel, N. G., Hammond, D., & Wilson, M. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 208
Topical antiseptics and antibiotics in the initial therapy of chronic adult periodontitis: microbiological aspects
Quirynen, M., Teughels, W., Soete, M. D., & van Steenberghe, D. (2002) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.280104.x · Cited by 197
Scaling and Root Planing Effectiveness: The Effect of Root Surface Access and Operator Experience
Brayer, W. K., Mellonig, J. T., Dunlap, R. M., Marinak, K. W., & Carson, R. E. (1989) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1989.60.1.67 · Cited by 193
Lasers in minimally invasive periodontal and peri‐implant therapy
Mizutani, K., Aoki, A., Coluzzi, D. J., Yukna, R. A., Wang, C., Pavlić, V., & Izumi, Y. (2016) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12123 · Cited by 185
Treatment of Plaque‐Induced Gingivitis, Chronic Periodontitis, and Other Clinical Conditions
(2001) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2001.72.12.1790 · Cited by 167
Comparative Effectiveness of Ultrasonic and Hand Scaling for the Removal of Subgingival Plaque and Calculus
Breininger, D. R., O'Leary, T. J., & Blumenshine, R. V. H. (1987) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1987.58.1.9 · Cited by 160
Dental calculus: the calcified biofilm and its role in disease development
Akcalı, A., & Lang, N. P. (2018) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12151 · Cited by 155
“However, such complete removal of calculus on root surfaces is difficult in daily practice (35).”
Calculus removal and the prevention of its formation
Jepsen, S., Deschner, J., Braun, A., Schwarz, F., & Eberhard, J. (2011) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00382.x · Cited by 157
“77% in pockets with a probing pocket depth of 5–6 mm, and 65% in pockets >6 mm (119).”
Background
Efficacy of subgingival calculus removal with Er:YAG laser compared to mechanical debridement: an in situ study
Eberhard, J., Ehlers, H., Falk, W., Açil, Y., Albers, H., & Jepsen, S. V. (2003) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00052.x · Cited by 156
“…with other studies on mechanical debridement (Buchanan & Robertson 1987, Sherman et al. 1990, Yukna et al. 1997), although some investigators reported significant influence of pocket depth on the effectiveness of calculus removal (Rabbani et al. 1981, Caffesse et al. 1986, Brayer et al. 1989).”
BackgroundResult
NONSURGICAL PERIODONTAL THERAPY IN 2000: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Greenstein, G. (2000) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0087 · Cited by 147
Subgingival Plaque Removal Using a New Air‐Polishing Device
Moëne, R., Décaillet, F., Andersen, E., & Mombelli, A. (2010) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2009.090394 · Cited by 144
Calculus Removal by Scaling/Root Planing with and without Surgical Access
Buchanan, S. A., & Robertson, P. B. (1987) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1987.58.3.159 · Cited by 144
Antimicrobial effects of mechanical debridement
PETERSILKA, G. J., EHMKE, B., & FLEMMIG, T. F. (2002) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.280103.x · Cited by 210
Total Calculus Removal: An Attainable Objective?
Kepic, T. J., O'Leary, T. J., & Kafrawy, A. H. (1990) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1990.61.1.16 · Cited by 129
The Effect of Nd:YAG Laser Exposure on Root Surfaces When Used as an Adjunct to Root Planing: An In Vitro Study
Morlock, B. J., Pippin, D. J., Cobb, C. M., Killoy, W. J., & Rapley, J. W. (1992) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1992.63.7.637 · Cited by 128
Low‐cost periodontal therapy
Slots, J. (2012) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00429.x · Cited by 125
“Hand instrumentation failed to eliminate subgingival calculus in 10% of periodontal pockets with a depth of < 5 mm, in 23% of pockets with a depth of 5–6 mm and in 35% of pockets with a depth of >6 mm (239).”
The Impact of Research on Scaling and Root Planing
O'Leary, T. J. (1986) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1986.57.2.69 · Cited by 122
Scaling and granulation tissue removal in periodontal therapy*
Lindhe, J., & Nyman, S. R. (1985) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1985.tb00928.x · Cited by 119
Clinical Response of Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Smokers
Mascarenhas, P., Gapski, R., Al‐Shammari, K. F., Hill, R. W., Soehren, S. E., Fenno, J. C., Giannobile, W. V., & Wang, H. (2005) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.3.426 · Cited by 115
A clinical and microbiological evaluation of systemic and local metronidazole delivery in adult periodontitis patients
Noyan, Ü., Yılmaz, S., Kuru, B. E., Kadir, T., Acar, O., & Büget, E. (1997) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1997.tb00485.x · Cited by 111
Post‐treatment supportive care for the natural dentition and dental implants
Armitage, G. C., & Xenoudi, P. (2016) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12122 · Cited by 104
Treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and clinical conditions.
Rosen, P. S. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 102
Relative Contribution of Patient‐, Tooth‐, and Site‐Associated Variability on the Clinical Outcomes of Subgingival Debridement. I. Probing Depths
D’Aiuto, F., Ready, D. R., Parkar, M., & Tonetti, M. S. (2005) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.3.398 · Cited by 100
Clinical and Microbiologic Effects of Subgingival Controlled‐Release Delivery of Chlorhexidine Chip in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Multicenter Study
Paolantonio, M., D’Angelo, M., Grassi, F. R., Perinetti, G., Piccolomini, R., Pizzo, G., Annunziata, M., D'Archivio, D., D’Ercole, S., Nardi, G. M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2008.070308 · Cited by 103
Periodic subgingival antimicrobial irrigation of periodontal pockets
Wennström, J. L., Heijl, L. C., Dahlén, G., & Gröndahl, K. (1987) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1987.tb00997.x · Cited by 100
Maintenance care for treated periodontitis patients
Ramfjord, S. P. (1987) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1987.tb02247.x · Cited by 99
Contemporary Interpretation of Probing Depth Assessments: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications. A Literature Review
Greenstein, G. (1997) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1997.68.12.1194 · Cited by 97
Efficacy of access flap procedures compared to subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Sanz‐Sánchez, I., Montero, E., Citterio, F., Romano, F., Molina, A., & Aimetti, M. (2020) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13259 · Cited by 97
Does adjunctive antimicrobial therapy reduce the perceived need for periodontal surgery?
Mombelli, A., Cionca, N., & Almaghlouth, A. (2010) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00356.x · Cited by 92
Non‐surgical periodontal therapy with adjunctive topical doxycycline: a double‐blind randomized controlled multicenter study
Eickholz, P., Kim, T., Bürklin, T., Schacher, B., Renggli, H. H., Schaecken, M. T., Holle, R., Kübler, A. C., & Ratka‐Krüger, P. (2002) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290204.x · Cited by 92
Subgingival Debridement Efficacy of Glycine Powder Air Polishing
Flemmig, T. F., Hetzel, M., Topoll, H., Gerß, J., Häberlein, I., & Petersilka, G. (2007) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2007.060420 · Cited by 90
The Effectiveness of Subgingival Scaling and Root Planing: An Evaluation of Therapy With and Without the Use of the Periodontal Endoscope
Geisinger, M. L., Mealey, B. L., Schoolfield, J. D., & Mellonig, J. T. (2007) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2007.060186 · Cited by 88
The Relationship Between Bleeding on Probing and Subgingival Deposits. An Endoscopical Evaluation
Checchi, L., Montevecchi, M., Checchi, V., & ZAPPULLA, F. (2009) · The Open Dentistry Journal · doi:10.2174/1874210600903010154 · Cited by 87
Photodynamic therapy of persistent pockets in maintenance patients—a clinical study
Rühling, A., Fanghänel, J., Houshmand, M., Kuhr, A., Meisel, P., Schwahn, C., & Kocher, T. (2009) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-009-0347-4 · Cited by 87
Endoscopic Visualization of the Submarginal Gingiva Dental Sulcus and Tooth Root Surfaces
Stambaugh, R. V., Myers, G., Ebling, W., Beckman, B., & Stambaugh, K. (2002) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2002.73.4.374 · Cited by 85
Pocket closure and residual pockets after non‐surgical periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Citterio, F., Gualini, G., Chang, M., Piccoli, G. M., Giraudi, M., Manavella, V., Baima, G., Mariani, G. M., Romano, F., & Aimetti, M. (2021) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13547 · Cited by 78
“However, SRP is technically demanding, and complete calculus removal is difficult to achieve (Rabbani et al., 1981; Buchanan & Robertson, 1987; Brayer et al., 1989; Rateitschak-Pluss et al., 1992; Zafar et al., 2021).”
Clinical Evaluation of the Speed and Effectiveness of Subgingival Calculus Removal on Single‐Rooted Teeth With Diamond‐Coated Ultrasonic Tips
Yukna, R. A., Scott, J. B., Aichelmann‐Reidy, M. E., LeBlanc, D. M., & Mayer, E. T. (1997) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1997.68.5.436 · Cited by 78
Effects of the Nd:YAG laser and combined treatments on in vitro fibroblast attachment to root surfaces
Thomas, D. J., Rapley, J. W., Cobb, C. M., Spencer, P., & Killoy, W. J. (1994) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1994.tb00274.x · Cited by 77
One‐Stage Full‐Mouth Disinfection. Long‐Term Microbiological Results Analyzed by Checkerboard DNA‐DNA Hybridization
Soete, M. D., Mongardini, C., Pauwels, M., Haffajee, A. D., Socransky, S. S., van Steenberghe, D., & Quirynen, M. (2001) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2001.72.3.374 · Cited by 76
Effect of Adjunctive Systemic Azithromycin With Periodontal Surgery in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis in Smokers: A Pilot Study
Dastoor, S. F., Travan, S., Neiva, R., Rayburn, L. A., Giannobile, W. V., & Wang, H. (2007) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2007.070072 · Cited by 74
Thermo‐Reversible Green Tea Catechin Gel for Local Application in Chronic Periodontitis: A 4‐Week Clinical Trial
Chava, V. K., & Vedula, B. D. (2012) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2012.120425 · Cited by 74
Effect of a controlled‐release chlorhexidine chip on clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal syndrome
Grisi, D. C., Salvador, S. L. D. S., Figueiredo, L. C., de Souza, S. L. S., Novaes, A. B., & Grisi, M. F. M. (2002) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.291001.x · Cited by 73
Effect of surgical and non‐surgical periodontal treatment on periodontal status and subgingival microbiota
Pedrazzoli, V., Kilian, M., Karring, T., & Kirkegaard, E. (1991) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1991.tb00096.x · Cited by 72
A novel flapless approach versus minimally invasive surgery in periodontal regeneration with enamel matrix derivative proteins: a 24-month randomized controlled clinical trial
Aimetti, M., Ferrarotti, F., Mariani, G. M., & Romano, F. (2016) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-016-1795-2 · Cited by 71
Preventive strategies and supportive treatment
Hancock, E. B., & Newell, D. H. (2001) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0757.2001.22250105.x · Cited by 72
Clinical and Microbiologic Effects of Subgingivally Delivered 0.5% Azithromycin in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Pradeep, A. R., Sagar, S. V., & Happy, D. (2008) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2008.070589 · Cited by 71
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy adjuvant to non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
Abduljabbar, T. S., Vohra, F. A., Javed, F., & Akram, Z. (2016) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.11.008 · Cited by 69
The Effectiveness of Hand Versus Ultrasonic Instrumentation in Open Flap Root Planing
Hunter, R. K., O'Leary, T. J., & Kafrawy, A. H. (1984) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1984.55.12.697 · Cited by 69
Non‐surgical management of periodontal disease
Darby, I. B. (2009) · Australian Dental Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01146.x · Cited by 66
“As the probing depth and furcation involvement increases, the effectiveness of SRP decreases.(67) In a recent review of non-surgical management sites of 4–6 mm PD still had 15–38 per cent of the root surface covered with deposits and those over 6 mm 19–66 per cent.”
The long‐term effect of systemic tetracycline used as an adjunct to non‐surgical treatment of advanced periodontitis
Ramberg, P., Rosling, B. G., Serino, G., Hellström, M. ‐., Socransky, S. S., & Lindhe, J. (2001) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028005446.x · Cited by 65
The removal of root surface deposits
Eaton, K. A., Kieser, J. B., & Davies, R. M. (1985) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1985.tb01373.x · Cited by 65
Novel Approach to Dental Biofilm Management through Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT): A Review
Shrivastava, D., Natoli, V., Srivastava, K. C., Alzoubi, I. A., Nagy, A. I., Hamza, M. O., Aljohani, K., Alam, M. K., & Khurshid, Z. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9091966 · Cited by 69
“After SRP, it has been reported that the lingual tooth surface and furcation areas are prone to residual calculus [6,7].”
Background
Subgingival debridement: end point, methods and how often?
Laleman, I., Cortellini, S., Winter, S. D., Herrero, E. R., Dekeyser, C., Quirynen, M., & Teughels, W. (2017) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12204 · Cited by 66
DNA Probe Analyses of the Survival of Selected Periodontal Pathogens Following Scaling, Root Planing, and Intra‐Pocket Irrigation
Shiloah, J., & Patters, M. R. (1994) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1994.65.6.568 · Cited by 63
Non‐surgical periodontal treatment: where are the limits?: An SEM study
Rateitschak‐Plüss, E. M., Schwarz, J., Guggenheim, R., Duggelin, M., & Rateitschak, K. H. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1992.tb00460.x · Cited by 92
Absence of Histologic Signs of Chronic Inflammation Following Closed Subgingival Scaling and Root Planing Using the Dental Endoscope: Human Biopsies – A Pilot Study
Wilson, T. G., Carnio, J., Schenk, R., & Myers, G. (2008) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2008.080190 · Cited by 61
Effects of Subgingival Irrigation on Periodontal Status
Greenstein, G. (1987) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1987.58.12.827 · Cited by 60
The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT, 670 nm) and diode laser (940 nm) as adjunctive approach in the conventional cause-related treatment of chronic periodontal disease: a randomized controlled split-mouth clinical trial
Katsikanis, F., Strakas, D., & Vouros, I. D. (2019) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-019-03045-1 · Cited by 60
The Effectiveness of the Titan‐S Sonic Sealer Versus Curettes in the Removal of Subgingival Calculus
Gellin, R. G., Miller, M. C., Javed, T., Engler, W. O., & Mishkin, D. J. (1986) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1986.57.11.672 · Cited by 59
Professionally Delivered Local Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Patients with Periodontitis—A Narrative Review
Sholapurkar, A. A., Sharma, D., Glass, B. D., Miller, C., Nimmo, A. J., & Jennings, E. A. (2020) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj9010002 · Cited by 58
“of plaque and calculus by mechanical debridement in inaccessible areas including deep pockets (more than 5 mm) and furcation areas is difficult, thereby leading to significant treatment failure rates [6].”
Background
Effectiveness of Subgingival Scaling and Root Planing: Single Versus Multiple Episodes of Instrumentation
Anderson, G. B., Palmer, J. A., Bye, F. L., Smith, B. A., & Caffesse, R. G. (1996) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1996.67.4.367 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
A Randomized, Double‐Masked Clinical Trial Comparing Four Periodontitis Treatment Strategies: 1‐Year Clinical Results
Preus, H. R., Gunleiksrud, T. M., Sandvik, L., Gjermo, P. E., & Bælum, V. (2012) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2012.120400 · Cited by 52
Adjunctive Non‐Surgical Therapy of Inflamed Periodontal Pockets During Maintenance Therapy Using Diode Laser: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Nguyen, N., Byarlay, M. R., Reinhardt, R. A., Marx, D. B., Meinberg, T. A., & Kaldahl, W. B. (2015) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2015.150152 · Cited by 52
Effects of Topical Metronidazole and Tetracycline in Treatment of Adult Periodontitis
Lie, T., Bruun, G., & Bøe, O. E. (1998) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1998.69.7.819 · Cited by 52
Clinical parameters: biological validity and clinical utility
Mombelli, A. (2005) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00117.x · Cited by 51
Microbial shifts after subgingival debridement and formation of bacterial resistance when combined with local or systemic antimicrobials
Quirynen, M., Teughels, W., & van Steenberghe, D. (2003) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1034/j.1601-0825.9.s1.6.x · Cited by 51
Probing pocket depth reduction after non‐surgical periodontal therapy: Tooth‐related factors
Werner, N., Heck, K., Walter, E., Ern, C., Bumm, C. V., & Folwaczny, M. (2023) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.23-0285 · Cited by 50
Sustained release of antimicrobials from double-layer nanofiber mats for local treatment of periodontal disease, evaluated using a new micro flow-through apparatus
Zupančič, Š., Casula, L., Rijavec, T., Lapanje, A., Luštrik, M., Fadda, A. M., Kocbek, P., & Kristl, J. (2019) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.008 · Cited by 50
Manual periodontal probing in supportive periodontal treatment
Armitage, G. C. (1996) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00078.x · Cited by 50
Calculus removal from multirooted teeth with and without surgical access
Parashis, A. O., Anagnou-Vareltzides, A., & Demetriou, N. A. (1993) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb01762.x · Cited by 50
Effectiveness of metronidazole as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Sgolastra, F., Severino, M., Petrucci, A. B. C., Gatto, R., & Monaco, A. (2013) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/jre.12089 · Cited by 49
Improving periodontal outcomes: merging clinical and behavioral science
Wilder, R. S., & Bray, K. K. (2016) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12125 · Cited by 49
Efficacy of 5 Machining Instruments in Scaling of Molar Furcations
Takacs, V. J., Lie, T., Perala, D. G., & Adams, D. F. (1993) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1993.64.3.228 · Cited by 48
Nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy in single-rooted teeth
Kim, T., Schenk, A., Lungeanu, D., Reitmeir, P., & Eickholz, P. (2007) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-007-0144-x · Cited by 48
“However, these meta-analyses like many other studies on this issue before [3, 21, 25, 28] use mean values and are not able to reflect the benefit of a particular technique at teeth with certain defects, e.”
Background
Effects of a new ultrasonic scaler on fibroblast attachment to root surfaces: a scanning electron microscopy analysis
Kishida, M., Sato, S., & Ito, K. (2004) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00715.x · Cited by 48
The periodontally‐involved root surface
Corbet, E., Vaughan, A. J., & Kieser, J. B. (1993) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb00380.x · Cited by 47
Changes in clinical parameters following adjunctive local sodium hypochlorite gel in minimally invasive nonsurgical therapy (MINST) of periodontal pockets: a 6-month randomized controlled clinical trial
Iorio‐Siciliano, V., Ramaglia, L., Isola, G., Blasi, A., Salvi, G. E., & Sculean, A. (2021) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-021-03841-8 · Cited by 45
Antimicrobial Advances in Treating Periodontal Diseases
Mombelli, A. (2011) · Frontiers of oral physiology/Frontiers of oral biology · doi:10.1159/000329676 · Cited by 44
Effect of surgical periodontal treatment associated to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Martins, S. H. L., Novaes, A. B., Taba, M., Palioto, D. B., Messora, M. R., Reino, D. M., & de Souza, S. L. S. (2017) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12744 · Cited by 44
Evaluation of the efficacy of 2% curcumin gel in the treatment of experimental periodontitis
Hosadurga, R., Rao, S., Jose, J., Rompicharla, N., Shakil, M., & Shashidhara, R. (2014) · Pharmacognosy Research · doi:10.4103/0974-8490.138287 · Cited by 42
“The remnants of plaque and calculus can cause failure in periodontal treatment.[2] Chemotherapeutic agents can be used to enhance the results achieved by mechanical instrumentation or to improve outcomes at sites not responsive to conventional therapy.”
Effects of citric acid treatment on the Ca, P and Mg contents of human dental roots
Hennèquin, M., & Douillard, Y. (1995) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1995.tb00804.x · Cited by 42
Potential of shock waves to remove calculus and biofilm
Müller, P., Guggenheim, B., Attin, T., Marlinghaus, E., & Schmidlin, P. R. (2010) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-010-0462-2 · Cited by 42
Should Antibiotics Be Prescribed to Treat Chronic Periodontitis?
Walters, J. D., & Lai, P. (2015) · Dental Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cden.2015.06.011 · Cited by 41
“As previously mentioned, SRP loses some of its ability to eliminate subgingival biofilm as pocket probing depths increase.(33,34) Despite this, the magnitude of probing depth reduction and clinical attachment gain resulting from SRP is greatest at periodontal sites with deep pretreatment probing depths (Table 3).”
Background
The Efficacy of Subgingival Calculus Removal With Endoscopy‐Aided Scaling and Root Planing: A Study on Multirooted Teeth
Michaud, R. M., Schoolfield, J., Mellonig, J. T., & Mealey, B. L. (2007) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2007.070251 · Cited by 41
Dental Hygiene Faculty Calibration in the Evaluation of Calculus Detection
Garland, K. V., & Newell, K. J. (2009) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2009.73.3.tb04710.x · Cited by 40

Authors: Rabbani, G. M., Ash, M. M., & Caffesse, R. G.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Venue: Journal of Periodontology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1981-03
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Pages: 119-123
ISSN: 0022-3492 (ISSN-L)
1943-3670
DOI: 10.1902/jop.1981.52.3.119
OpenAlex: W2003469771
Cited by: 349
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 5.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Periodontology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral and gingival health research
Keywords: subgingival scaling and root planing, calculus removal, calculus index, probing depth, tooth type
MeSH terms: Dental Calculus, Dental Prophylaxis, Humans, Periodontal Pocket, Dental Scaling, Subgingival Curettage, Tooth, Tooth Root

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Effectiveness of Subgingival Scaling and Root Planing in Calculus Removal

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks